Table 2.
The number of cells and protein in BALF from the mice at 14 days after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles by pharyngeal aspiration
| Amount of ZnO-NPs administered (μg) | Simple regression/Simple ordinal logistic regression | Multiple regression/Multiple ordinal logistic regression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotype | 0 | 10 | 30 | Effect of ZnO-NPs | Interaction of ZnO-NPs and Nrf2 deletion | Effect of ZnO-NPs | Effect of Nrf2 deletion | |
| Total cells (× 104) |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
3 ± 1.7 3.7 ± 1.5 |
3.5 ± 2.0 6.3 ± 2.5 |
9.1 ± 2.9* 13.2 ± 6.0* |
0.21(p < 0.0001) 0.32(p < 0.0001) |
0.053(p = 0.12) | 0.26(p < 0.0001) | 1.3(p = 0.0041) |
| Macrophages (× 104) |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
3.1 ± 1.6 3.7 ± 1.5 |
3.5 ± 2.0 6.0 ± 2.3 |
8.4 ± 2.6* 12,0 ± 5.4* |
0.19 (p < 0.0001) 0.28 (p < 0.0001) |
0.047 (p = 0.14) | 0.23(p < 0.0001) | 1.1 (p = 0.0071) |
| Lymphocytes (× 104) |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
0.04 ± 0.04 0.04 ± 0.04 |
0.10 ± 0.12 0.26 ± 0.27 |
0.58 ± 0.32* 0.9 ± 0.7* |
0.019 (p < 0.0001) 0.029 (p = 0.0002) |
0.0051 (p = 0.15) | 0.024(p < 0.0001) | 0.081(p = 0.074) |
| Neutrophils (× 104) |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
0 0 |
0.01 ± 0.01 0.003 ± 0.004 |
0.02 ± 0.02 0.074 ± 0.07* |
0.066 (p = 0.059) 0.16 (p = 0.002) |
0.11 (p = 0.06) | 0.11 (p = 0.0002) | 0.70 (p = 0.28) |
| Eosinophils (× 104) |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
0 0 |
0.003 ± 0.005 0.013 ± 0.013* |
0.04 ± 0.04* 0.16 ± 0.3* |
0.16 (p = 0.0006) 0.24 (p = 0.0004) |
0.016 (p = 0.76) | 0.18 (p < 0.0001) | 1.3 (p = 0.046) |
| Total protein (mg/ml) |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
0.08 ± 0.02 0.08 ± 0.02 |
0.09 ± 0.03 0.08 ± 0.02 |
0.08 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.02 |
−0.00014 (p = 0.72) − 0.00028 (p = 0.35) |
6.7 × 10−5 (p = 0.79) | 0.00025 (p = 0.43) | −0.002(p = 0.67) |
Mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, compared to the corresponding genotype control by Dunnett’s multiple comparison following ANOVA for the number of total cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, and total protein or by Steel multiple comparison following Kruskal Wallis nonparametric test for the number of neutrophils and eosinophils. Simple regression analysis in each genotype and multiple regression analysis was conducted in a model with interaction for total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and total protein. As the interaction was not significant, multiple regression analysis was finally conducted in a model without interaction to estimate effect of ZnO-NPs or Nrf2 deletion. Simple ordinal logistic regression analysis in each genotype and multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted in a model with interaction for neutrophils or eosinophils. As the interaction was not significant, multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis was finally conducted in a model without interaction to estimate effect of ZnO-NPs or Nrf2 deletion