Table 6.
Relative mRNA level for pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins related with fibrosis to β-actin
| Amount of ZnO-NPs administered (μg) | Simple regression | Multiple regression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotype | 0 | 10 | 30 | Effect of ZnO-NPs | Interaction of ZnO-NPs and Nrf2 deletion | Effect of ZnO-NPs | Effect of Nrf2 deletion | |
| KC |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
1.0 ± 0.4 2.2 ± 1.3 |
1.4 ± 0.7 2.8 ± 1.0 |
1.2 ± 0.4 2.9 ± 1.4 |
0.0026 (p = 0.73) 0.023(p = 0.27) |
0.010 (p = 0.30) | 0.012(p = 0.25) | −0.71 (p < 0.0001) |
| MIP-2 |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
1.1 ± 0.6 2.1 ± 1.1 |
1.3 ± 0.8 2.4 ± 1.2 |
1.0 ± 0.3 3.9 ± 3.0 |
−0.0060 (p = 0.51) 0.064(p = 0.073) |
0.035 (p = 0.028) | – | – |
| IL-6 |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
1.1 ± 0.4 1.1 ± 0.4 |
0.9 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.3 |
1.2 ± 0.6 1.5 ± 0.8 |
0.005(p = 0.48) 0.015(p = 0.14) |
0.0049 (p = 0.39) | 0.0090 (p = 0.11) | 0.078 (p = 0.28) |
| IL-1β |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
1.0 ± 0.7 0.9 ± 0.4 |
1.0 ± 0.6 1.1 ± 0.3 |
0.7 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.7 |
−0.0097 (p = 0.24) 0.005(p = 0.58) |
0.0073 (p = 0.23) | −0.0034 (p = 0.58) | 0.032 (p = 0.68) |
| MCP-1 |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
0.9 ± 0.7 0.7 ± 0.3 |
0.9 ± 1.0 0.6 ± 0.3 |
0.7 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.6 |
−0.0088 (p = 0.41) 0.0055 (p = 0.48) |
0.0072 (p = 0.31) | −0.0027 (p = 0.70) | −0.038 (p = 0.67) |
| TGF-β |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
1.1 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.2 |
1.1 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.7 |
1.6 ± 0.5* 1.4 ± 0.3 |
0.019 (p = 0.0011) 0.0028 (p = 0.70) |
--0.0083 (p = 0.066) | 0.012(p = 0.0098) | 0.084 (p = 0.14) |
| TNF-α |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
2.9 ± 1.0 2.9 ± 0.8 |
2.8 ± 0.6 2.6 ± 1.2 |
2.5 ± 0.7 3.1 ± 0.9 |
−0.012 (p = 0.30) 0.0089(p = 0.58) |
0.010 (p = 0.28) | −0.0026 (p = 0.79) | 0.092 (p = 0.43) |
| IFN-γ |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
1.5 ± 0.6 3.5 ± 2.2 |
1.6 ± 0.5 4.0 ± 3.2 |
2.7 ± 0.9* 4.5 ± 3.9 |
0.042(p = 0.0004) 0.031 (p = 0.55) |
--0.0053 (p = 0.82) | 0.037 (p = 0.11) | 1.1 (p = 0.0006) |
| MMP2 |
Wild type Nrf2−/− |
0.7 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.4 |
0.7 ± 0.2 1.2 ± 0.4 |
1.5 ± 0.4* 1.9 ± 0.7* |
0.027 (p = < 0.0001) 0.029 (p = 0.0022) |
0.00092 (p = 0.84) | 0.028 (p < 0.0001) | 0.22 (p = 0.0002) |
Mean ± SD. * p < 0.05compared to the corresponding genotype control by Dunnett’s multiple comparison following ANOVA. Simple regression analysis in each genotype and multiple regression analysis in a model with interaction was conducted. As the interaction was not significant for KC, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ or MMP2, multiple regression in a model without interaction was finally conducted to estimate effect of ZnO-NPs or Nrf2 deletion