Table 2.

Detailed information on the 11 hub genes identified in the PPI network

Gene	Full name	Overview	Expression in PTC	Reference
FN1	Fibronectin 1	FN1 is involved in cell adhesion and migration processes including host defense and metastasis.	Upregulated	[29]
CCND1	Cyclin D1	CCND1 has been demonstrated to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb.	Upregulated	[30]
MET	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	MET plays a role in cellular survival, embryogenesis, and cellular migration and invasion.	Downregulated	[31]
RUNX2	RUNX family transcription factor 2	RUNX2 is essential for osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis.	Upregulated	[32]
IRS1	Insulin receptor substrate 1	Mutations in IRS1 are associated with type II diabetes and susceptibility to insulin resistance.	No relevant biological experiments	[33]
SERPINA1	Serpin family A member 1	The protein encoded by SERPINA1 is an inhibitor whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator.	Upregulated	[34]
KRT19	Keratin 19	KRT19 is responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm.	Upregulated	[35]
FGFR2	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	FGFR-2 is involved in regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, as well as in the response to injury and tissue repair.	Downregulated	[36]
MUC1	Mucin 1, cell surface associated	Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in the glycosylation of MUC1 have been associated with carcinomas.	Downregulated	[37]
NCAM1	Neural cell adhesion molecule 1, also known as CD56	NCAM1 is involved in the development of the nervous system, the expansion of T cells and dendritic cells with a regulatory role in cell motility and migratory capacity of neoplastic cells.	Downregulated	[38]
WFS1	Wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein	Mutations in WFS1 are associated with Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), an autosomal recessive disorder.	No related references	[39]