Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample
| Overall (n = 139) | First diagnosed in Canada (n = 60) | First diagnosed before arrival to Canada (n = 79) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median [IQR]) | 38 [33; 45] | 37 [33; 44] | 39 [33; 47] |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 88 (63%) | 31 (52%) | 57 (72%) |
| Male | 51 (37%) | 29 (48%) | 22 (28%) |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Heterosexual | 120 (86%) | 51 (85%) | 69 (87%) |
| LGBTQ | 19 (14%) | 9 (15%) | 10 (13%) |
| Country of origin | |||
| Africa | |||
| Nigeria | 33 (24%) | 12 (20%) | 21 (27%) |
| Other | 54 (39%) | 19 (31%) | 36 (46%) |
| Latin America | |||
| Haiti | 48 (34%) | 29 (48%) | 19 (24%) |
| Other | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4%) |
| History of sexual- or gender-based violence | 57 (41%) | 25 (42%) | 32 (41%) |
| Rape | 35 (25%) | 16 (26%) | 19 (24%) |
| CD4 at presentation in Canada, cells/μl (median, range, [IQR]) |
415, 7–1221, [275; 656.5] |
307, 11–811, [221; 401] |
574, 7–1221, [382; 756] |
| CD4 < 200 | 22 (16%) | 13 (22%) | 9 (11%) |
| CD4 < 350 | 52 (37%) | 37 (62%) | 15 (19%) |
| Baseline viral load, copies/ml (median, range, [IQR]) |
1970, < 20 - > 1 million, [< 20; 41,313] |
32,349, < 20 - > 1 million, [7890; 100,594] |
< 20, < 20 - > 1 million, [< 20; 181] |
| OI at presentation | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Requiring primary prophylaxis for OI | 23 (16%) | 12 (20%) | 10 (13%) |
| cART regimens, baseline | |||
| On cART | 61 (44%) | 0 (0%) | 61 (77%) |
| 3rd agent | |||
| NNRTI | 35 (57%) | 0 (0%) | 35 (57%) |
| PI | 5 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (8%) |
| II | 16 (26%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (26%) |
| Unknown | 4 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) |
| Single tablet regimens | 41 (67%) | 0 (0%) | 41 (67%) |
| cART regimens, end of study period | |||
| On cART | 133 (96%) | 58 (97%) | 75 (95%) |
| 3rd agent | |||
| NNRTI | 8 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 7 (9%) |
| PI | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%) |
| II | 123 (92%) | 57 (98%) | 66 (88%) |
| Single tablet regimens | 103 (77%) | 42 (72%) | 61 (81%) |
| TST | |||
| Positive | 47 (34%) | 16 (27%) | 31 (39%) |
| Negative | 84 (60%) | 41 (68%) | 43 (54%) |
| Not done/missing | 8 (6%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (6%) |
| Co-infection with HBV | 8 (6%) | 4 (7%) | 4 (5%) |
| Co-infection with HCV | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
ARV antiretroviral, cART combination antiretroviral therapy, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, II integrase inhibitor, IQR interquartile range, LGBTQ lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, OI opportunistic infection, PI protease inhibitor, TST tuberculin skin test