FIG. 6.

Sex differences in transcriptomic profiles of human trophoblastic progenitor cells. (A) Schematic depicting the three male and female trophoblastic progenitor cell samples for transcriptional profiling (left); table showing significant DEGs between sexes (right; FDR <0.05, log2FC >0.59). (B) Scatterplot of Log2 CPMs from male compared with female trophoblastic cells. (C) Lists of the top 15 significant (FDR <0.05, log2FC >0.59) DEGs comparing male with female trophoblastic cells (genes enriched in males, left; genes enriched in females, right). (D) Heatmaps for male sex-linked DEGs (left) and female sex-linked DEGs (right) in male versus female trophoblastic cells. Colored gene names in blue are from the Y-chromosome; pink denotes known escape from XCI; green denotes variable escape from XCI; yellow denotes genes subject to XCI. (E) Log2 reads (CPMs) for X-Y gene pairs (black bars: X-linked; gray bars: Y-linked) in female (pink) and male (blue) trophoblastic cells. (F) GSEA showing chromosomal locations for X-linked gene sets enriched in females (top; P < 0.05, FDR <0.05), and for Y-linked gene sets enriched in males (bottom; P < 0.01, FDR <0.015). (G) GSEA of significantly enriched canonical pathways (C2CP) in male trophoblastic cells compared with females (P < 0.0005). Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/scd