Titiyal 2014.

Methods	Study design: randomised controlled trial Study grouping: parallel group Eyes/people: 1 eye per person included in the study (study eye); unclear how this study eye was selected.
Participants	Baseline characteristics Toric IOLs Mean age in years (range): 61 (not reported) Sex (% men): not reported Preoperative astigmatism: corneal: 2.02 (SD 0.53) Preoperative astigmatism: refractive: 2.00 (SD 0.49) Number of people (eyes): 17 (17) LRI Mean age in years (range): 62 (not reported) Sex (% men): not reported Preoperative astigmatism: corneal: 2.18 (SD 0.59) Preoperative astigmatism: refractive: 1.95 (SD 0.47) Number of people (eyes): 17 (17) Overall Mean age in years (range): 61 (not reported) Sex (% men): not reported Preoperative astigmatism: corneal: 2.10 (SD not reported) Preoperative astigmatism: refractive: 1.98 (SD not reported) Number of people (eyes): 34 (34) Inclusion criteria: aged 45–65 years, presented to the outpatient department or anterior segment services of the centre with visually significant immature senile cataract, regular bow‐tie moderate corneal astigmatism (1.25–3.0 D) and no ocular or systemic contraindications to surgery. Exclusion criteria: complicated cataract, posterior segment pathology, astigmatism < 1.25 D or > 3.00 D, systemic condition likely to result in an unpredictable response to surgery (e.g. collagen vascular disease, diabetes mellitus), inability to attend follow‐up visits or who were not willing to provide written consent. Pretreatment differences: no obvious group differences
Interventions	Intervention characteristics Toric IOLs Type of IOL: toric IOL (AcrySof IQ Toric, Alcon Surgical, Inc.) LRI Type of IOL: aspheric IOL (AcrySof IQ, Alcon Surgical, Inc.) Incision technique: a 12‐blade radial keratotomy marker was placed on the 7.0 mm optical zone mark. Paired arcuate keratotomy incisions were made in the 7.0 mm optical zone. The 30‐degree paired AK cuts were made on the steeper meridian using a micrometer‐guided diamond knife (Meyco) that was set at 100% of the thinnest paracentral pachymetry.
Outcomes	Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, corneal topography, endothelial cell density, subjective refraction and manual keratometry, residual astigmatism (vector analysis) Adverse effects: IOL alignment, corneal ectasia, hyperopic shift Follow‐up: 1 day, 1 week, 1 and 3 months
Identification	Sponsorship source: not reported Country: India Authors name: Namrata Sharma Email: namrata.sharma@gmail.com Conflict of interest: none Date study conducted: not reported Trial registration ID: not reported
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomized into 2 groups with an equal number of eyes. Randomization was performed using a table of random numbers."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: not reported. We contacted study authors for clarification but received no response.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: not reported. We contacted study authors for clarification but received no response.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: not reported. We contacted study authors for clarification but received no response.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "The study enrolled 34 eyes of 34 patients; each of the 2 groups comprised 17 eyes. There were no dropouts in either group, and all patients were followed regularly for a minimum of 3 months."
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: insufficient information to judge. We contacted study authors for clarification but received no response.

BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; CCI: clear corneal incision; ETDRS: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; IOL: intraocular lens; LOCS: Lens Opacities Classification System; LRI: limbal relaxing incision; PCRI: peripheral corneal relaxing incision; SD: standard deviation; SIA: surgically induced astigmatism; VF‐14: Visual Function Index.