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. 2019 Sep 3;68(2):280–297. doi: 10.1002/glia.23716

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Pro‐inflammatory cytokine release in glia after pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory stimulus. (a) IL‐6, (b) MCP‐1, and (c) RANTES release from primary cultured murine astrocytes, microglia and macrophages after stimulation with LPS, TNF, or IL‐4 for 24 hr. Cytokine release into supernatant was measured directly after stimulation (n > 5; ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test, **p < .005, ***p < .001)