Table 3.

Bivariate analysis comparing participants with viral load (VL) ≥ 1000 copies/mL and at least two thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) with participants with VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL and fewer than two TAMs

Characteristic	0 or 1 TAM (52)		≥ 2 TAMs (53)		P‐value
	n or median	% or IQR	n or median	% or IQR
Gender
Female	36	69.2	39	73.6	0.670
Male	16	30.8	14	26.4
Age	42	37–46	39	34–44	0.046
Income source
Agriculture	12	23.1	15	28.3	0.057
Wage or salaried employment	11	21.2	10	18.9
Crafts trade	4	7.7
Petty trade	12	23.1	17	32.1
None	7	13.5	1	1.9
Other	6	11.5	10	18.9
Education
No formal education or < 1 year of primary	4	7.7	13	24.5	0.040
Some primary education	29	55.8	20	37.7
Some secondary school education	19	36.5	20	37.7
Duration of antiretroviral therapy (years)	6.2	4.7–7.2	6.8	6.0–7.7	0.026
ARV regimen at first study visit
Efavirenz/3TC/TDF	2	3.9			0.064
Efavirenz/3TC/ZDV	5	9.6	6	11.3
Nevirapine/3TC/TDF	10	19.2	3	5.7
Nevirapine/3TC/ZDV	35	67.3	44	83.0
Previous ARV regimen
Efavirenz/3TC/TDF	0	0	0	0	0.002
Efavirenz/3TC/ZDV	1	4.2	0	0
Efavirenz/3TC/d4T	1	4.2	0	0
Nevirapine/3TC/TDF	0	0	1	4.0
Nevirapine/3TC/ZDV	7	29.2	0	0
Nevirapine/3TC/d4T	15	62.5	24	96.0
CD4 count at enrolment (cells/μL)	263	147–407	179	101–253	0.004
Viral load at enrolment
1000–5000 copies/mL	7	13.5	0	0
5000–10 000 copies/mL	4	7.7	4	7.6
10 000–50 000 copies/mL	24	46.2	14	26.4
50 000–100 000 copies/mL	3	5.8	12	22.6
> 100 000 copies/mL	14	26.9	23	43.4

ARV, antiretroviral; IQR, interquartile range; 3TC, lamivudine; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; ZDV, zidovudine; d4T, stavudine.