Table 1.

Unadjusted incidence rate of DKA in prespecified AHA new‐user cohorts

	Database	Broad T2DM Definition			Narrow T2DM Definition
		N of Events	Time‐at‐Risk (PY)	Incidence Rate (per 1000 PY)	N of Events	Time‐at‐Risk (PY)	Incidence Rate (per 1000 PY)
SGLT2 inhibitor	CCAE	638	227 079	2.81	218	189 129	1.15
	MDCD	107	12 106	8.84	32	8180	3.91
	MDCR	74	26 944	2.75	37	22 187	1.67
	Optum	324	98 642	3.28	131	82 051	1.60
Canagliflozin	CCAE	423	140 041	3.02	144	115 704	1.24
	MDCD	98	10 351	9.47	29	6995	4.15
	MDCR	53	20 688	2.56	25	16 879	1.48
	Optum	240	72 659	3.30	97	60 110	1.61
Dapagliflozin	CCAE	168	72 030	2.33	58	60 923	0.95
	MDCD	10	1525	6.56	2	1019	1.96
	MDCR	18	4632	3.89	9	3864	2.33
	Optum	57	16 815	3.39	19	13 955	1.36
Empagliflozin	CCAE	123	44 572	2.76	48	38 471	1.25
	MDCD	5	625	8.01	1	441	2.27
	MDCR	9	3380	2.66	5	2991	1.67
	Optum	49	16 319	3.00	25	14 246	1.75
SU	CCAE	542	231 396	2.34	193	190 197	1.01
	MDCD	299	40 760	7.34	102	26 348	3.87
	MDCR	108	59 518	1.81	56	50 826	1.10
	Optum	470	180 646	2.60	225	151 094	1.49
DPP‐4 inhibitor	CCAE	468	214 243	2.18	171	178 003	0.96
	MDCD	209	28 941	7.22	76	19 578	3.88
	MDCR	121	60 529	2.00	57	50 533	1.13
	Optum	425	151 705	2.80	180	125 001	1.44
GLP‐1 receptor agonist	CCAE	300	133 250	2.25	111	105 848	1.05
	MDCD	126	13 558	9.29	45	8019	5.61
	MDCR	31	17 271	1.79	12	13 375	0.90
	Optum	196	67 369	2.91	73	53 047	1.38
TZD	CCAE	138	51 441	2.68	53	43 015	1.23
	MDCD	63	7287	8.65	24	4892	4.91
	MDCR	29	11 871	2.44	16	10 168	1.57
	Optum	137	48 123	2.85	58	40 731	1.42
Insulin	CCAE	857	166 653	5.14	255	118 292	2.16
	MDCD	741	46 830	15.82	212	26 693	7.94
	MDCR	205	53 219	3.85	98	35 975	2.72
	Optum	739	133 720	5.53	328	97 800	3.35
Metformin	CCAE	1069	497 877	2.15	327	404 839	0.81
	MDCD	627	81 106	7.73	143	49 317	2.90
	MDCR	144	104 142	1.38	68	90 540	0.75
	Optum	713	353 587	2.02	273	294 680	0.93
Other AHAsa	CCAE	25	14 156	1.77	12	11 313	1.06
	MDCD	12	1335	8.99	3	843	3.56
	MDCR	25	7160	3.49	12	5471	2.19
	Optum	52	14 162	3.67	20	11 270	1.77

Abbreviations: AHA, antihyperglycemic agent; CCAE, IBM^® MarketScan^® Commercial Database; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; DPP‐4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1; MDCD, IBM^® MarketScan^® Multi‐State Medicaid Database; MDCR, IBM^® MarketScan^® Medicare Supplemental Database; Optum, Optum^© De‐identified Clinformatics^® Data Mart Database; PY, patient‐years; SGLT2, sodium glucose co‐transporter 2; SU, sulfonylurea; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TZD, thiazolidinedione.

^aIncludes acarbose, miglitol, nateglinide, and repaglinide.