Table 2.
Univariate Analysis of Risk Factors for All-Cause 30-Day Mortality
| Survivors (n = 1412), No. (%) | Nonsurvivors (n = 164), No. (%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 72 (59–82) | 72 (62–83) | .20 |
| Male sex | 782 (55.4) | 96 (58.5) | .46 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Charlson index, median (IQR) | 6 (4–8) | 6.6 (4.5–8.8) | .003 |
| Immunosuppression | 292 (20.7) | 40 (24.4) | .31 |
| Ward of admission | <.001 | ||
| Medical | 1136 (80.5) | 110 (67.1) | |
| Surgical | 181 (12.8) | 23 (14) | |
| ICU | 95 (6.7) | 31 (18.9) | |
| Site of BSI acquisition | <.001 | ||
| Community-acquired | 415 (29.4) | 22 (13.4) | |
| Health care–associated | 249 (17.6) | 32 (19.5) | |
| Hospital-acquired | 748 (53) | 110 (67.1) | |
| CRE carrier at BSI onset | 150 (10.6) | 33 (20.1) | .001 |
| Clinical severity at BSI onset | |||
| SOFA, median (IQR) | 3 (1–5) | 5 (3–7) | <.001 |
| Septic shock | 98 (6.9) | 45 (27.4) | <.001 |
| Source of BSI | |||
| Undefined | 265 (18.8) | 33 (20.1) | .75 |
| Urinary tract | 560 (39.7) | 33 (20.1) | <.001 |
| Biliary tract | 205 (14.5) | 19 (11.6) | .35 |
| Intra-abdominal | 170 (12) | 25 (15.2) | .26 |
| Lower respiratory tract | 99 (7) | 24 (14.6) | .001 |
| CVC-related | 71 (5) | 19 (11.6) | .001 |
| Complicated BSI | 358 (25.4) | 53 (32.3) | .06 |
| Etiology | |||
| Escherichia coli | 881 (62.4) | 60 (36.6) | <.001 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 280 (19.8) | 46 (28) | .01 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 70 (5) | 7 (4.3) | .71 |
| Proteus spp. | 41 (2.9) | 14 (8.5) | .001 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 107 (7.6) | 23 (14) | .007 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 21 (1.6) | 10 (6.1) | .001 |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 10 (0.7) | 4 (2.4) | .05 |
| Etiology category | <.001 | ||
| CSE | 1163 (82.4) | 96 (58.5) | |
| CRE | 109 (7.7) | 31 (18.9) | |
| NF-GNB | 140 (9.9) | 37 (22.6) | |
| Resistance categoriesa | <.001 | ||
| Non-MDR | 1005 (71.2) | 80 (48.8) | |
| MDR | 295 (21) | 50 (30.5) | |
| XDR | 107 (7.6) | 32 (19.5) | |
| PDR | 5 (0.4) | 2 (1.2) | |
| Antibiotic class resistancea | |||
| ECR | 487 (34.5) | 82 (50) | <.001 |
| BL/BLIR | 612 (43.3) | 93 (56.7) | <.001 |
| CR | 154 (10.9) | 53 (32.3) | <.001 |
| FQR | 626 (44.3) | 109 (66.5) | <.001 |
| New definition | |||
| DTR | 129 (9.1) | 45 (27.4) | <.001 |
| Therapeutic management | |||
| Source control | 386 (27.3) | 45 (27.4) | 1 |
| Appropriate empirical therapy | 990 (70.1) | 85 (51.8) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BL/BLIR, betalactam/betalactamase inhibitor resistance; BSI, bloodstream infection; CR, carbapenem resistance; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; CVC, central venous catheter; DTR, difficult-to-treat resistance; ECR, extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance; FQR, fluoroquinolone resistance; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug resistance; PDR, pandrug resistance; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; XDR, extensive drug resistance.
aResistance categories were mutually exclusive, whereas antibiotic class resistances were not.