Figure 5.

Virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based vaccines against melanoma. (a) (1) Ovalbumin (OVA_257–264) nonself epitope was fused to the C terminus of VP1 major coat protein of polyomavirus forming polyoma‐like particles of ~45 nm. (2) Tyrosinase‐related protein 2 (TRP2_180–188) self‐epitope was fused to VP1 major coat protein forming polyoma‐like pentamers of ~9 nm. (b) Mix multi‐target VLP‐based vaccine consisting of germline and mutated CTL epitopes coupled to Qβ‐VLPs by Cu‐free click chemistry and loaded with B‐type CpGs (Mohsen, Vogel, et al., 2019). (c) A microcrystalline tyrosine crystal decorated with CuMV_TT‐p33 nanoparticles labeled with AF488 (Mohsen, Heath, et al., 2019)