Table 3.

Intervention Results from Included Studies

Author, Year	Measurement Time Point	VAS
		Within Subjects Mean Differences
Experimental Group	Control Group
Bae et al, 201420	Baseline, immediate post	−0.15	−0.28
	Baseline, 1 week post	−0.58	−0.42
Baseline, 3 weeks post	−1.15*	−0.14
De Oliveira et al, 201421	Baseline, day 10 post	−0.07	−0.10
Hasan et al, 201422	Baseline, immediate post	−0.70*
Kobayashi et al, 201523	Baseline, immediate post	Time course effect on VAS score F(1, 10) = −22.273**
Baseline, weekly for 12 weeks	Time course effect on VAS score F(12, 204) = −13.476**
Matsumura et al, 201324	Baseline, multiple time points post (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 mins, and 24 hrs)	−1.18* (significant time course effect up to 300 mins)	−0.21
Ohn et al, 201225	Baseline, immediately post	−0.90*

Notes: * p<0.05, ** p< 0.01.

Abbreviations: VAS, Visual Analog Scale.