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. 2019 Nov 8;116(45):764–774. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0764

Table 6. WHO recommendations 2015*—age and smoking, modified from (2).

Risk COC Patch/ring POP 3-monthly
injection
Gestagen
implant
Copper
spiral
Levonorgestrel
spiral
Age <35 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Age >35
<15 cigarettes/d
15 cigarettes/d
3
4
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

COC, combined oral contraceptives; POP, progesterone-only pill.

*1, no restriction on use of method; 2, benefit > risk; 3, risk > benefit; 4, the method should not be used because the risk to health is too high.