Table 1.

Comparison of the PARS-R to Other Measures Previously Used in FXS

Scale	Format & length	Study	Normative samples	Reliability & validity	Strengths	Weaknesses
Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale/ Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale-Revised	Parent/Child Clinician-rated interview(30–45 min.)	Riddle et al.,2002	128 children, ages 2002 6–17 years(DSM-IV diagnosis of SoP, SAD, or GAD)	ICC = .97;α= .64; ICC = .55; r = .61 (CGI-S)	Used with pediatric populations and with developmental disabilities; clinically-sensitive, wide-range of anxiety symptom coverage, continuous distribution of scores; originally intended to be an outcome measure; sensitive to psychopharmacological treatment of anxiety	Not originally intended for populations with developmental disabilities; does not render sub-categorization of anxiety
		Storch et al.,2012	72 children, ages 7–17 years(diagnosis of autism, Asperger’s syndrome, or PDD-NOS & GAD,SAD, SA, or OCD)	ICC = .86; α= .59; ICC = .83
Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale	Caregiver-rated questionnaire (15 min.)	Esbensen et al.,2003	265 subjects, ages 10–79 years of age (diagnosisof MR)	ICC = .75–.83; α= .48 (Full scale); α= .37–.62(subscales);ICC = .81 (Full scale); ICC 5.72–.83 (subscales)	Established data in FXS; validated against DSM-IV; normed and developed forintellectual disability	Does not have anestablished track record, limited anxiety symptom coverage, not intended as outcome measure
Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-IV	Parent/Child Clinician-rated interview (1 hr.)	Silverman, Saavedra,& Pina,2001	62 children, ages 7–16 years and their parents (exclusion criteria:developmental delays and severe psychopathology)	ICC =.78–.96 (Symptom scales); κ = .80 to .92(Combined diagnoses of these disorders); κ = .63–.80 (child-only interview); κ = .65–.88(parent-only interview); r = .94(parent); r = .92(child)	Used with pediatric populations and with developmental disabilities; used in assessment of DSM-IV anxiety disorders	Assesses anxiety over the past year and therefore not an effective outcome measure; not a continuous measure of severity
Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Edition	Caregiver-rated questionnaire (15 min.)	Aman et al.,1995	927 institutionalized, profoundly developmentally delayed adolescents and adults	ICC −.86–.94; α = .96–.99	Used with pediatric populations and with developmental disabilities; used in many FXS clinical trials; offers ratings of behaviors that may be present when anxious(e.g., inappropriate speech); sensitive to treatment effects	Does not have anxiety subscales; many symptoms not relevant for higher functioning patients without ID
Child Behavior Checklist	Caregiver-rated questionnaire (20 min.)	Achenbach,1991	2,368 nationally-representative children, ages 4–18 years without disabilities	ICC = .92–.96; α = .83–.92	Used with pediatric populations; provides broad-band internalizing and externalizing scores and narrow-band scaled scores	Not generally used as outcome measure; many itemsinappropriate for developmental/ intellectual disability; not specifically normed in ID
Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale	Clinical impression (10 min.)	Forkman et al.,2011	31 inpatient adults with major depressive disorder	ICC = .22–.24	Used with pediatric populations and developmental disabilities; used in controlled treatment studies	No specific interviewer guide available so response format can be ambiguous
Multidimensional Anxiety Questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire (10 min.)	Reynolds,1999	More than 1,800college students,600 community adults, 407 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with anxiety-related or other disorders	α = .96 (Total scale); α = .88 to .91(subscales); α = .95(Total scale); α =.90–.93 (subscales)	Used with women with pre-mutation FXS; provides global assessment of DSM-IV anxiety symptoms in four domains; provides a cutoff score for clinically relevant anxiety; easy to administer/score screener; clinically valid	Not used with pediatric populations; self-report may not be possible for some individuals with developmental disabilities; onlynormed for 18 and older