Table 1. Sample characteristics and prevalence of hypertension of the participants.
| Total | Urban | Rural | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Catergory | N (%) | Prevalence (95% CI) | P | N (%) | Prevalence (95% CI) | P | N (%) | Prevalence (95% CI) | P |
| Region | Urban | 604 (34.99) | 48.57 (44.49–52.64) | |||||||
| Rural | 1172 (65.99) | 47.16 (44.00–50.32) | ||||||||
| 0.59 | ||||||||||
| Sex | male | 890 (5.112) | 47.50 (43.88–51.11) | 282 (46.68) | 51.75 (45.60–57.90) | 608 (51.87) | 45.48 (45.60–57.90) | |||
| female | 886 (49.88) | 47.79 (44.53–51.05) | 322 (53.31) | 45.66 (39.74–51.58) | 564 (48.12) | 49.01 (39.74–51.58) | ||||
| 0.87 | 0.15 | 0.14 | ||||||||
| Age | 60-69 | 1233 (69.42) | 45.02 (42.13–47.90) | 392 (64.96) | 46.22 (41.27–51.17) | 841 (71.75) | 44.43 (41.27–51.17) | |||
| 70-79 | 460 (25.99) | 51.86 (46.98–56.74) | 178 (29.47) | 52.58 (45.10–60.06) | 282 (24.61) | 51.43 (45.10–60.06) | ||||
| 80- | 83 (4.673) | 60.65 (49.64–71.67) | 34 (5.63) | 54.96 (37.97–71.95) | 49 (4.19) | 64.24 (37.97–71.95) | ||||
| <0.01 | 0.24 | 0.01 | ||||||||
| Living with a partner | yes | 1382 (77.81) | 46.47 (43.61–49.34) | 454 (75.16) | 48.15 (43.46–52.84) | 928 (79.18) | 45.64 (43.46–52.84) | |||
| no | 394 (22.18) | 51.60 (46.14–57.06) | 150 (24.83) | 49.79 (40.69–58.89) | 244 (2.82) | 52.72 (40.69–58.89) | ||||
| 0.12 | 0.74 | 0.07 | ||||||||
| Literacy | Uneducated | 567 (31.92) | 48.53 (44.41–52.66) | 132 (21.85) | 46.39 (37.33–55.45) | 435 (37.11) | 49.15 (37.33–55.45) | |||
| Primary school | 838 (47.18) | 48.21 (44.58–51.84) | 281 (46.52) | 54.01 (47.85–60.18) | 557 (47.52) | 45.27 (47.85–60.18) | ||||
| Middle school and above | 371 (2.889) | 45.03 (38.70–51.37) | 191 (31.62) | 42.01 (33.19–50.83) | 180 (15.35) | 48.45 (33.19–50.83) | ||||
| 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.44 | ||||||||
| *Houshold income | poor | 446 (25.11) | 48.01 (42.80–53.22) | 102 (16.88) | 49.94 (39.21–60.67) | 344 (29.35) | 47.48 (39.21–60.67) | |||
| near poor | 477 (26.85) | 47.10 (41.98–52.22) | 94 (15.56) | 46.49 (35.63–57.35) | 383 (32.67) | 47.25 (35.63–57.35) | ||||
| middle income | 443 (24.94) | 48.16 (43.25–53.07) | 149 (24.66) | 51.11 (42.67-59.56) | 294 (25.85) | 46.60 (42.67–59.56) | ||||
| rich | 410 (23.85) | 47.35 (41.88–52.83) | 259 (42.88) | 47.43 (40.54–54.31) | 151 (12.88) | 47.23 (40.54–54.31) | ||||
| 0.99 | 0.83 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Insured | yes | 1632 (91.89) | 47.33 (44.82–49.85) | 549 (9.89) | 47.24 (43.08–51.40) | 1083 (92.46) | 47.38 (43.08–51.40) | |||
| no | 144 (8.181) | 50.95 (41.21–60.69) | 55 (9.16) | 61.12 (43.82–78.43) | 89 (7.593) | 44.54 (43.82–78.43) | ||||
| 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.59 | ||||||||
| BMI | low | 129 (7.263) | 32.34 (23.49–41.18) | 38 (6.29) | 35.59 (16.20–54.99) | 91 (7.76) | 30.90 (16.20–54.99) | |||
| normal | 869 (48.93) | 38.54 (34.93–42.16) | 244 (4.40) | 38.84 (31.83–45.85) | 625 (53.32) | 38.43 (31.83–45.85) | ||||
| high | 554 (31.19) | 56.74 (52.03–61.46) | 247 (4.89) | 54.24 (46.92–61.57) | 307 (26.19) | 58.94 (46.92–61.57) | ||||
| obesity | 224 (12.61) | 70.88 (65.24–76.51) | 75 (12.41) | 68.99 (59.59–78.40) | 149 (12.71) | 71.76 (59.59–78.40) | ||||
| <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Central obesity | yes | 699 (39.35) | 35.61 (31.72–39.49) | 188 (31.12) | 35.74 (27.57–43.91) | 511 (43.66) | 35.56 (27.57–43.91) | |||
| no | 1077 (6.641) | 55.59 (52.40–58.79) | 416 (68.87) | 54.40 (49.60–59.20) | 661 (56.39) | 56.36 (49.60–59.20) | ||||
| <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Physical activity | none | 225 (12.66) | 56.20 (49.00–63.39) | 70 (11.58) | 62.31 (50.63–74.00) | 155 (13.22) | 53.70 (50.63–74.00) | |||
| light | 479 (26.97) | 52.23 (47.50–56.95) | 190 (31.45) | 49.68 (42.67–56.70) | 289 (24.65) | 53.96 (42.67–56.70) | ||||
| moderate | 511 (28.77) | 47.72 (43.05–52.38) | 225 (37.25) | 47.65 (40.23–55.06) | 286 (24.42) | 47.77 (40.23–55.06) | ||||
| vigrous | 561 (31.58) | 40.14 (36.03–44.25) | 119 (19.71) | 41.07 (32.65–49.48) | 442 (37.71) | 39.89 (32.65–49.48) | ||||
| <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Drink | never | 944 (53.15) | 48.61 (45.28–51.93) | 336 (55.62) | 48.25 (42.70–53.80) | 608 (51.87) | 48.80 (42.70–53.80) | |||
| quit | 237 (13.34) | 49.03 (42.30–55.77) | 83 (13.74) | 52.55 (40.25–64.85) | 154 (13.13) | 47.11 (40.25–64.85) | ||||
| yes | 595 (33.52) | 45.55 (41.20–49.89) | 185 (3.63) | 47.34 (39.27–55.42) | 410 (34.98) | 44.72 (39.27–55.42) | ||||
| 0.49 | 0.75 | 0.41 | ||||||||
| Smoke | never | 923 (51.97) | 47.32 (44.11–50.52) | 331 (54.81) | 45.05 (39.71–50.38) | 592 (5.51) | 48.56 (39.71–50.38) | |||
| quit | 343 (19.31) | 59.22 (53.48–64.97) | 105 (17.38) | 65.68 (56.27–75.08) | 238 (2.37) | 56.14 (56.27–75.08) | ||||
| yes | 510 (28.71) | 40.18 (35.49–44.87) | 168 (27.81) | 43.78 (35.57–51.98) | 342 (29.18) | 38.35 (35.57–51.98) | ||||
| <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Diabetes | yes | 216 (12.16) | 64.07 (57.10–71.05) | 99 (16.39) | 71.74 (62.55–80.92) | 117 (9.98) | 57.68 (62.55–80.92) | |||
| no | 1560 (87.83) | 45.50 (42.81–48.19) | 505 (83.69) | 44.37 (39.80–48.95) | 1055 (9.18) | 46.05 (39.80–48.95) | ||||
| <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||||
| Dyslipidemia | yes | 394 (22.18) | 62.92 (57.98–67.87) | 182 (3.13) | 59.96 (53.26–66.66) | 212 (18.88) | 65.70 (53.26–66.66) | |||
| no | 1382 (77.81) | 43.34 (40.61–46.07) | 422 (69.86) | 43.46 (38.26–48.66) | 960 (81.91) | 43.29 (38.26–48.66) | ||||
| <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Lung diseases | yes | 337 (18.97) | 48.74 (43.25–54.23) | 107 (17.71) | 52.68 (43.56–61.80) | 230 (19.62) | 46.90 (43.56–61.80) | |||
| no | 1439 (81.24) | 47.39 (44.69–50.09) | 497 (82.28) | 47.70 (42.93–52.47) | 942 (8.375) | 47.22 (42.93–52.47) | ||||
| 0.65 | 0.31 | 0.92 | ||||||||
| Psychiatric problem | yes | 47 (2.646) | 56.88 (40.77–72.99) | 18 (2.98) | 54.47 (28.30–80.64) | 29 (2.47) | 58.54 (28.30–80.64) | |||
| no | 1729 (97.35) | 47.39 (44.82–49.95) | 586 (97.19) | 48.37 (44.01–52.73) | 1143 (97.52) | 46.88 (44.01–52.73) | ||||
| 0.26 | 0.63 | 0.25 | ||||||||
| Kidney diseases | yes | 216 (12.16) | 42.98 (35.90–50.07) | 68 (11.25) | 47.56 (35.33–59.78) | 148 (12.62) | 40.96 (35.33–59.78) | |||
| no | 1560 (87.83) | 48.29 (45.64–50.95) | 536 (88.74) | 48.69 (44.28–53.10) | 1024 (87.37) | 48.08 (44.28–53.10) | ||||
| 0.15 | 0.85 | 0.08 | ||||||||
| Digestive diseases | yes | 589 (33.16) | 43.98 (39.76–48.19) | 186 (3.79) | 45.39 (37.80–52.98) | 403 (34.38) | 43.30 (37.80–52.98) | |||
| no | 1187 (66.83) | 49.47 (46.43–52.50) | 418 (69.25) | 50.01 (44.74–55.28) | 769 (65.61) | 49.17 (44.74–55.28) | ||||
| 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.05 | ||||||||
Notes.
*
Household income were categorized into 4 groups based on the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles-poor (0-1,575 RMB), near poor (1,575-4,504 RMB), middle income (4,504-24,820 RMB), and rich (above 24,820 RMB).