Table 2.
Quality Assessment of Studies Included in the Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by Newcastle Ottawa Scale
| Selection | Comparability | Outcome/Exposure | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Source | Newcastle Ottawa Scale | Qualitative Synthesis/Meta-analysis | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5A | 5B | 6 | 7 | 8 | Overall Scorea |
| 1 | Agnello et al. (2015) | Cross-sectional | QS | * | * | * | ** | * | NA | ** | * | NA | 9 |
| 2 | Alcoba et al. (2015) | Secondary analysis from a previous cohort study | QS | * | * | * | * | * | NA | * | * | * | 8 |
| 3 | Alcoba et al. (2017) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | * | * | ** | * | NA | ** | * | NA | 9 |
| 4 | Brito et al. (2016) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | 0 | * | ** | 0 | NA | ** | * | NA | 7 |
| 5 | Don et al. (2007) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | * | 0 | ** | * | NA | ** | * | NA | 8 |
| 6 | Du et al. (2013) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | * | * | ** | * | NA | ** | * | NA | 9 |
| 7 | Esposito et. al (2016) | Cross-sectional | QS | * | * | * | ** | * | NA | ** | * | NA | 9 |
| 8 | Esposito et. al (2016) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | * | * | ** | 0 | NA | ** | * | NA | 8 |
| 9 | Haugen et al. (2015) | Cross-sectional (secondary analysis from a previous RCT) | QS/MA | * | * | * | * | * | NA | * | * | NA | 7 |
| 10 | Haugen et al. (2017) | Cross-sectional secondary analysis from a previous RCT) | QS/MA | * | * | * | * | * | NA | * | * | NA | 7 |
| 11 | Huang et al. (2014) | Secondary analysis from a previous cohort study | QS/MA | * | * | * | * | * | NA | * | * | * | 8 |
| 12 | Korkmaz et al. (2018) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | * | * | ** | * | NA | * | * | NA | 8 |
| 13 | Ning et al. (2016) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | 0 | * | ** | * | NA | ** | * | NA | 8 |
| 14 | Ramakrishna et al. (2015) | Cross-sectional | QS | * | * | * | ** | * | NA | * | * | NA | 8 |
| 15 | Saghafian-Hedengren et al. (2017) | Cohort | QS/MA | 0 | * | * | 0 | 0 | NA | * | * | * | 5 |
| 16 | Sanchez et al. (2012) | Cohort | QS | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | NA | * | * | * | 6 |
| 17 | Wrotek et al. (2014) | Cross-sectional | QS/MA | * | * | * | ** | 0 | NA | ** | * | NA | 8 |
*Indicates the score given to the study according to the NOS quality assessment scale.
Abbreviations: MA, meta-analysis; NA, not applicable; QS, qualitative synthesis; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
aDetermined by the total number of stars assigned to the study: 0–3 stars = poor; 4–5 stars = fair; 6–7 stars = good; 8–9/10 stars = excellent.