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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Nephrol. 2019 Nov;39(6):567–580. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.10.006

Table 1.

Evidence of capillary drop out following AKI

Model/Condition Method Observation Citation
Rat I/R Microfil 30-50% reduction (Basile et al 2001)24
Rat I/R CD31/PECAM staining Cablin staining ~30% reduction by Cablin staining, preserved by VEGF 121 (Basile et al 2011)26, (Leonard et al 2008)33
Rat I/R CD31 staining 90% loss of CD31 staining SS31 (Liu et al 2014)35
Rat I/R RECA staining Reduced by > 50%, preserved by EPC microvesicles (Cantaluppi et al 2012)36
Rat I/R JG12 staining ~50% reduction; exacerbated by reduced renal mass (Polichnowski et al 2014)16
Mouse I/R Flurescence micro-angiography 40% reduction in capillaries at 8 weeks; reduced size of remaining vessels. ~60% decrease in total perfusion area (Kramann et al 2014)25
Mouse I/R Meca-32 staining and Micro-CT 20-43% reductions; tight correlation with Meca-32 and Micro-CT; inversely correlated with collagen I staining (Ehling et al 2016)32
Mouse I/R Cablin staining 30-40% after 4 weeks MMP9 loss prevented loss of cablin staining following IR (Lee et al 2011)37
Mouse I/R CD31 staining Reduction in staining by 20%, preserved by MSC (Xing et al 2014)38
Mouse I/R CD31 staining 15-20% rarefaction; some evidence that endothelial proliferation is enhanced in Id1 overexpressing mice (Lee et al 2011)39
DTR transgenic mouse CD31 staining Dramatic reduction in CD31 staining associated with fibrosis (Grgic et al 2012)40
Human DGF CD31/CD34 co-staining Reduced peritubular capillaries in biopsy 3 months post DGF (Steegh et al 2011)30
Human DGF vWF staining Evidence of peritubular capillary endothelial cells damage in sustained acute renal failure (Kwon et al 2008)29

Abbreviation: I/R, ischemia reperfusion; PECAM, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; RECA, rat endothelial cell antigen; EPC, endothelial progenitor cells; JG12, endothelial aminopeptidase P in renal tissue; Meca-32, endothelial cell antigen; Micro-CT, micro computed tomography; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; Id1, inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation proteins; DTR, diphtheria toxin receptor; DGF, delayed graft function, Vwf, von Willebrand Factor.