Table 2. Demographic and clinical determinants of anemia.
| Anemia | P value | OR | 95% C.I for OR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) | No n (%) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| <45 (reference) | 22 (45.8) | 26 (54.2) | |||
| 45–64 | 104 (52.0) | 96 (48.0) | 0.443 | 1.280 | 0.681–2.409 |
| ≥65 | 54 (61.4) | 34 (38.6) | 0.083 | 1.877 | 0.921–3.824 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 99 (53.5) | 86 (46.5) | 0.981 | 0.995 | 0.646–1.531 |
| Female | 81 (53.6) | 70 (46.4) | |||
| Type of diabetes | |||||
| Type 1 | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 0.105 | 0.371 | 0.112–1.230 |
| Type 2 | 176 (54.5) | 147 (45.5) | |||
| Duration of diabetes | |||||
| <10 years (reference) | 127 (50.8) | 123 (49.2) | |||
| 11–20 years | 50 (63.3) | 29 (36.7) | 0.053 | 1.670 | 0.992–2.810 |
| >20 years | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | 0.680 | 0.726 | 0.159–3.312 |
| HbA1c | |||||
| < 7% | 8 (53.3) | 7 (46.7) | 0.997 | 0.998 | 0.352–2.827 |
| ≥ 7% | 150 (53.4) | 131 (46.6) | |||
| Onset of ulcer | |||||
| Spontaneous (reference) | 124 (56.1) | 97 (43.9) | 0.197 | 1.347 | 0.857–2.116 |
| Traumatic | 56 (48.7) | 59 (51.3) | |||
| Ulcer duration | |||||
| ≥ 1 month | 138 (58.2) | 99 (41.8) | 0.009 | 1.892 | 1.177–3.042 |
| < 1 month | 42 (42.4) | 57 (57.6) | |||
| Neuropathy | |||||
| Yes | 144 (55.0) | 118 (45.0) | 0.337 | 1.288 | 0.768–2.160 |
| No | 36 (48.6) | 38 (51.4) | |||
| Peripheral artery disease | |||||
| Yes | 110 (62.5) | 66 (37.5) | 0.001 | 2.143 | 1.385–3.316 |
| No | 70 (43.8) | 90 (56.3) | |||
| Presence of Gangrene | |||||
| Yes | 113 (63.5) | 65 (36.5) | < 0.001 | 2.361 | 1.522–3.662 |
| No | 67 (42.4) | 91 (57.6) | |||
| Wound infection | |||||
| Yes | 142 (55.0) | 116 (45.0) | 0.327 | 1.289 | 0.776–2.140 |
| No | 38 (48.7) | 40 (51.3) | |||
OR = Crude Odds Ratio (univariate logistic regression), p = probability of committing type 1 error (univariate logistic regression), C.I. = Confidence Interval.