Table 2. Goodness-of-fit statistics from the confirmatory factor analytic, Exploratory Structural Equation Models (ESEM) and ESEM-Within-CFA (EWC) Models.
| χ2S-B (df) | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | 90% CI | SRMR | Ref | Δχ2S-B (df) | ΔCFI | ΔRMSEA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1: ICM-CFA | 16359.183*** (1165) | .598 | .577 | .078 | .077 .079 | .110 | - | - | - | - |
| M1b: ICM-CFA with CUs | 13226.266*** (1138) | .680 | .656 | .070 | .069 .071 | .110 | M1 | 2560.487*** (27) | .082 | -.008 |
| M2: ESEM | 7715.190*** (985) | .822 | .778 | .056 | .055 .057 | .041 | M1 | 8249.826*** (180) | .224 | -.022 |
| M2b: ESEM with CUs | 4562.264*** (958) | .905 | .878 | .042 | .041 .043 | .034 | M2 | 7471.147*** (27) | .083 | -.014 |
| M2b: Argentina | 1678.284*** (958) | .887 | .855 | .046 | .042 .050 | .042 | - | - | - | - |
| M2b: Spain | 2042.032*** (958) | .914 | .890 | .041 | .038 .043 | .038 | - | - | - | - |
| M2b: USA / English version | 3065.349*** (958) | .900 | .872 | .044 | .043 .046 | .034 | - | - | - | - |
| Invariance among Spanish speakers (Argentina vs Spain) | ||||||||||
| MG1: Configural invariance | 3730.054*** (1916) | .905 | .878 | .043 | .041 .045 | .039 | - | - | - | - |
| MG2: λ invariant | 3978.289*** (2141) | .904 | .890 | .041 | .039 .043 | .047 | M1 | 248.235 (225) | -.001 | -.002 |
| MG3: λ, τ invariant | 4348.732*** (2186) | .887 | .873 | .044 | .042 .045 | .049 | M2 | 370.443*** (45) | -.017 | .003 |
| MG3b: λ, τ partially invariant | 4194.487*** (2182) | .894 | .882 | .042 | .040 .044 | .048 | M2 | 216.198*** (41) | -.010 | .001 |
| MG4: λ, τ, δ invariant | 4272.918*** (2232) | .893 | .883 | .042 | .040 .044 | .050 | M3b | 78.431** (50) | -.001 | .000 |
| MG5: λ, τ, δ, CUs invariant | 4297.314*** (2259) | .893 | .884 | .042 | .040 .044 | .050 | M4 | 670.357*** (27) | .000 | .000 |
| MG6: λ, τ, δ, CUs, ξ/φ invariant | 4318.434*** (2274) | .893 | .885 | .042 | .040 .043 | .055 | M5 | 25.959* (15) | .000 | .000 |
| MG7: λ, τ, δ, CUs, ξ/φ, η invariant | 4342.998*** (2279) | .892 | .884 | .042 | .040 .044 | .057 | M6 | 24.564*** (5) | -.001 | .000 |
| Invariance among English vs. Spanish | ||||||||||
| MG1: Configural invariance | 5676.818*** (1916) | .905 | .878 | .043 | .041 .044 | .035 | - | - | - | - |
| MG2: λ invariant | 6531.508*** (2141) | .889 | .873 | .044 | .042 .045 | .048 | M1 | 850.331*** (225) | -.016 | .001 |
| MG2b: λ partially invariant | 6287.323*** (2135) | .895 | .879 | .042 | .041 .044 | .044 | M1 | 611.473*** (219) | -.010 | -.001 |
| MG3: λ, τ invariant | 7303.637*** (2180) | .870 | .854 | .047 | .045 .048 | .047 | M2b | 806.199*** (45) | -.025 | .005 |
| MG3b: λ, τ partially invariant | 6713.462*** (2172) | .885 | .870 | .044 | .043 .045 | .045 | M2b | 457.729*** (37) | -.010 | .002 |
| MG4: λ, τ, CUs invariant | 6908.488*** (2199) | .881 | .867 | .045 | .043 .046 | .047 | M3b | 180.723*** (27) | -.004 | .001 |
| MG5: λ, τ, CUs, δ invariant | 7308.848*** (2249) | .872 | .860 | .046 | .044 .047 | .051 | M4 | 347.485***(50) | -.009 | .001 |
| MG6: λ, τ, CUs, δ, φ invariant | 7377.278*** (2259) | .870 | .859 | .046 | .045 .047 | .056 | M5 | 68.430*** (10) | -.002 | .000 |
| MG7: λ, τ, CUs, δ, φ, η invariant | 7622.050*** (2264) | .864 | .853 | .047 | .046 .048 | .058 | M6 | 521.487*** (5) | -.006 | .001 |
| Gender invariance | ||||||||||
| MG1: Configural invariance | 5605.712*** (1916) | .902 | .875 | .042 | .041 .044 | .036 | - | - | - | - |
| MG2: λ invariant | 5997.169*** (2141) | .898 | .883 | .041 | .040 .042 | .042 | M1 | 395.338** (225) | -.004 | -.001 |
| MG3: λ, τ invariant | 6184.850*** (2186) | .894 | .881 | .041 | .040 .042 | .043 | M2 | 193.842** (45) | -.004 | .000 |
| MG4: λ, τ, δ invariant | 6417.212*** (2236) | .889 | .879 | .042 | .040 .043 | .048 | M3 | 222.814** (50) | -.005 | .001 |
| MG5: λ, τ, δ, CUs invariant | 6434.418*** (2263) | .890 | .880 | .041 | .040 .043 | .048 | M4 | 33.978 (27) | .001 | -.001 |
| MG6: λ, τ, δ, CUs, ξ/φ invariant | 6513.279*** (2278) | .888 | .879 | .041 | .040 .043 | .056 | M5 | 75.451** (15) | -.002 | .000 |
| MG7: λ, τ, δ, CUs, ξ/φ, η invariant | 6835.929*** (2283) | .879 | .871 | .043 | .042 .044 | .062 | M6 | 397.970** (5) | -.009 | .002 |
ICM-CFA = independent clusters model confirmatory factor analysis; ESEM = exploratory structural equation modeling; χ2 = chi square; df = degrees of freedom; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; 90% CI = 90% confidence interval of the RMSEA; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; Ref = reference model; ΔSχ2 = Satorra–Bentler scaled chi-square difference test; Δdf = change in degrees of freedom; ΔCFI = change in CFI; ΔRMSEA = change in RMSEA; λ = factor loadings; τ = intercepts; CUs = correlated uniqueness; δ = uniquenesses; ξ = factor variances; φ = factor covariances; η = factor means.
*p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001.