Table 2. Sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics of survivors and non-survivors in hemodialysis at three years of follow-up.
| Total (n = 85) | Survivors (n = 69) | Non-survivors (n = 16) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up (days) | 1127 (961–1141) | 1134 (1122–1142) | 632 (402–853)* |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 61 (55–71) | 60 (54–67) | 77 (67–81)* |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 56 (65.9) | 46 (66.7) | 10 (62.5) |
| Schooling, <8 years of study, n (%) | 62 (72.9) | 52 (75.4) | 10 (62.5) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| HD time, months | 40 (18–84) | 36 (18–97) | 63 (11–75) |
| Kt/V | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) |
| Nitric oxide, μmol/L | 4.5 (2.3–15.1) | 4.3 (2.3–12.6) | 8.5 (2.4–16.3) |
| Risk factors | |||
| Consumption of alcoholic beverage, n (%) | 10 (11.8) | 9 (13.0) | 1 (6.2) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 13 (15.3) | 13 (18.8) | 0 (0) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 58 (68.2) | 47 (68.1) | 11 (68.8) |
| Etiology for CKD | |||
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis, n (%) | 35 (41.2) | 28 (40.6) | 7 (43.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 28 (32.9) | 24 (34.8) | 4 (25.0) |
| Glomerulonephritis, n (%) | 13 (15.3) | 11 (15.9) | 2 (12.5) |
| Others, n (%) | 9 (10.6) | 6 (8.7) | 3 (18.8) |
| Usual food consumption | |||
| Caloric intake, kcal/kg BW | 42.0 (28.8–56.6) | 42.4 (27.5–60.8) | 39.0 (30.6–46.8) |
| Carbohydrate, g/kg BW | 6.4 (5.5–7.4) | 6.4 (5.4–7.4) | 6.4 (5.7–8.4) |
| Protein, g/kg BW | 1.4±0.4 | 1.4±0.4 | 1.5±0.5 |
| Lipids, g/kg BW | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.8 (1.3–2.3) |
| Cholesterol, mg | 261.9 (202.5–327.9) | 261.8 (203.5–330.5) | 244.0 (191.7–309.7) |
| Saturated fat, % CI | 10.0 (6.8–15.2) | 9.8 (6.5–15.2) | 11.1 (8.0–16.1) |
| Monounsaturated fat, % CI | 11.5 (7.7–14.8) | 10.5 (7.3–15.4) | 12.7 (8.9–14.5) |
| Polyunsaturated fat, % CI | 13.1 (8.1–17.8) | 11.8 (7.9–17.9) | 14.5 (9.0–17.5) |
| Sodium, mg | 1718 (1234–2226) | 1764 (1242–2226) | 1663 (923–2135) |
| Calcium, mg | 715.3 (539.7–885.7) | 717.2 (539.9–885.7) | 663.3 (535.0–952.3) |
| Phosphorus, mg | 1124 (923–1350) | 1124 (905–1326) | 1139 (930–1410) |
| Potassium, mg | 2936±864 | 2939±900 | 2926±716 |
| Iron, mg | 21.1 (9.2–31.6) | 21.4 (7.3–36.1) | 20.0 (10.9–24.0) |
| Vitamin E, UI | 6.6 (5.9–7.9) | 6.5 (5.7–8.0) | 6.7 (6.3–7.2) |
| Vitamin C,mg | 185.4 (127.9–272.6) | 185.4 (129.9–262.8) | 201.6 (114.6–315.6) |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (P25—P75). BW: body weight; CI: caloric intake; CKD: chronic kidney disease; g: grams; HD: hemodialysis; kcal: kilocalories; kg: kilograms; mg: milligrams.
*p <0.001 by the Mann-Whitney U test.