Table 2.
Total sample raw and standardized summary statistics for outcomes, and test–retest results within the placebo group
| Total study population | Test‐retest effects in placebo group only | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Baseline | 16 weeks | |||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | Z‐score | SD | n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ICC | |
| Cognitive test | |||||||||||
| PAL1 | 143 | 16.1 | 19.4 | −0.7 | 1.35 | 57 | 18.1 | 16.5 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 0.32 |
| SWM1 | 139 | 47.1 | 16.2 | −0.9 | 0.9 | 57 | 48.6 | 16.0 | 42.0 | 16.9 | 0.61 |
| SWM strategy1 | 139 | 36.7 | 4.4 | −0.7 | 1.0 | 57 | 37.0 | 4.7 | 35.5 | 5.5 | 0.51 |
| SOC1 | 136 | 7.9 | 1.3 | −0.5 | 1.1 | 53 | 8.1 | 1.3 | 7.9 | 1.4 | 0.10 |
| SST1 | 135 | 252.2 | 89.8 | N/A | N/A | 53 | 235.7 | 79.5 | 228.1 | 94.7 | 0.51 |
| Score1 | 136 | 5.9 | 2.2 | −1.7 | 0.7 | 55 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 0.39 |
| Sky search1 | 137 | 4.7 | 1.9 | −0.7 | 1.0 | 55 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 0.63 |
| Sky search DT1 | 136 | 10.0 | 17.2 | −1.7 | 1.3 | 55 | 10.3 | 20.2 | 6.5 | 11.4 | 0.30 |
| Creature counting1 | 137 | 3.9 | 2.2 | −0.8 | 1.2 | 55 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 0.56 |
| CPT omission2 | 135 | 59.7 | 15.2 | −1.0 | 1.5 | 51 | 60.5 | 16.2 | 63.5 | 17.7 | 0.62 |
| CPT commission2 | 135 | 55.6 | 9.1 | −0.6 | 0.9 | 51 | 57.0 | 6.1 | 55.8 | 7.1 | 0.68 |
| CPT RT2 | 135 | 55.0 | 14.2 | −0.5 | 1.4 | 51 | 53.6 | 12.9 | 55.1 | 15.1 | 0.70 |
| COWAT1 | 137 | 21.8 | 8.8 | N/A | N/A | 55 | 21.7 | 9.2 | 23.2 | 9.3 | 0.82 |
| Object assembly3 | 137 | 6.8 | 3.1 | −1.0 | 1.0 | 55 | 7.3 | 2.9 | 7.7 | 3.3 | 0.66 |
| JLO1 | 135 | 14.9 | 6.2 | N/A | N/A | 54 | 14.5 | 5.7 | 16.4 | 6.3 | 0.73 |
| Behavioral questionnaires | |||||||||||
| ADHD inattentive2 | 137 | 64.7 | 13.4 | −1.5 | 1.4 | 55 | 63.8 | 14.1 | 61.3 | 13.1 | 0.65 |
| ADHD hyperactive/impulsive2 | 137 | 63.8 | 14.5 | −1.4 | 1.6 | 55 | 63.5 | 15.3 | 62.9 | 16.9 | 0.68 |
| BREIF BRI2 | 135 | 57.5 | 12.8 | −0.8 | 1.3 | 55 | 56.4 | 13.5 | 54.9 | 12.6 | 0.79 |
| BRIEF MCI2 | 135 | 63.5 | 11.4 | −1.4 | 1.2 | 55 | 63.2 | 11.9 | 60.2 | 12.1 | 0.78 |
| BRIEF GEC2 | 134 | 62.3 | 11.7 | −1.2 | 1.2 | 55 | 61.6 | 12.1 | 58.9 | 12.5 | 0.80 |
| Internalizing problems – parent2 | 133 | 54.4 | 12.3 | −0.4 | 1.2 | 54 | 54.3 | 12.0 | 52.9 | 11.5 | 0.72 |
| Internalizing problems – child2 | 132 | 50.8 | 9.4 | −0.1 | 1.0 | 52 | 51.4 | 9.1 | 49.4 | 8.6 | 0.78 |
| PedsQL psychosocial – parent4 | 133 | 64.0 | 17.0 | −1.0 | 1.2 | 54 | 64.6 | 18.8 | 68.1 | 17.1 | 0.65 |
| PedsQL psychosocial – child4 | 132 | 65.2 | 16.5 | −1.0 | 1.1 | 54 | 62.7 | 17.1 | 67.2 | 17.7 | 0.69 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BRI, Behavioral Regulation Index; BRIEF, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CPT, Continuous Performance Test, Second Edition; DT, Divided Attention; GEC, Global Executive Composite; ICC, Intraclass correlation coefficient; M, Mean; MCI, Metacognition Index; PAL, Paired Associated Learning; RT, Reaction Time; SOC, Stockings of Cambridge; SST, Stop Signal Task; SWM, Spatial Working Memory; N/A, Normative reference data not available.
1
Raw score.
2
T score.
3
Age scaled score.
4
Summary score.