Table 2.

Poisson regression model of mental health comorbidity predicting emergency department and GP attendance, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, healthcare access, and physical health factors

Predictors	A&E attendance, adjusted RR	95% CI	GP attendance, adjusted RR	95% CI
Mental health comorbidity
0 severe symptoms (Ref)
1 severe symptom	1.22	0.91 to 1.62	1.15a	1.01 to 1.32
2 severe symptoms	1.06	0.69 to 1.63	1.92b	1.31 to 2.82
3 severe symptoms	1.48	0.85 to 2.59	1.51c	1.23 to 1.87
≥4 severe symptoms	2.54b	1.43 to 4.52	2.19c	1.50 to 3.20
Demographics
Age (≥65), years (Ref)
18–24	2.66b	1.38 to 5.15	0.65c	0.52 to 0.82
25–44	1.35	0.92 to 1.99	0.77a	0.61 to 0.97
45–64	1.29	0.88 to 1.89	0.78a	0.62 to 0.97
Sex (female)	1.06	0.81 to 1.38	1.17a	1.03 to 1.33
Ethnicity (BME)	0.59a	0.37 to 0.94	0.89	0.74 to 1.06
Socioeconomic status
Education (no qualifications) (Ref)
Professional, vocational, or work certificate	1.51b	1.14 to 2.00	1.11	0.98 to 1.26
Degree or higher	1.55	0.92 to 2.61	0.99	0.86 to 1.15
Non-employment	1.52b	1.13 to 2.03	1.25b	1.08 to 1.44
Problems with housing	1.32a	1.04 to 1.68	1.00	0.85 to 1.17
Index of Multiple Deprivation	1.00	0.99 to 1.00	1.00	1.00 to 1.01
Alcohol consumption
None (0 units) (Ref)
Moderate (<14 units)	1.05	0.79 to 1.38	0.87	0.75 to 1.01
Heavy (14–28 units)	0.83	0.57 to 1.21	0.86	0.73 to 1.00
Very heavy (>28 units)	0.97	0.53 to 1.76	1.21	0.92 to 1.58
Healthcare access
Distance to GP	1.31a	1.01 to 1.70	1.06	0.87 to 1.29
Distance to emergency department	0.93c	0.90 to 0.96	0.99	0.96 to 1.02
Problems with physical health (EQ-5D)
Mobility	1.25	0.88 to 1.76	1.15	0.87 to 1.50
Self-care	2.53c	1.77 to 3.62	1.52c	1.20 to 1.92
Usual activities	1.57b	1.13 to 2.20	1.37b	1.09 to 1.73
Pain	1.39a	1.03 to 1.87	1.55c	1.31 to 1.83

^aP<0.05.

^bP<0.01.

^cP<0.001. A&E = accident and emergency department. BME = black and minority ethnic. EQ-5D = EuroQol five-dimension scale. RR = rate ratio.