Table 3.

Poisson regression model of individual mental health symptoms predicting emergency department and GP attendance, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, healthcare access, and physical health factors.

Predictors	A&E attendance, adjusted RR	95% CI	GP attendance adjusted RR	95% CI
Mental health symptoms
Depression	1.41a	1.05 to 1.90	1.15	0.91 to 1.46
Anxiety	0.9	0.69 to 1.17	1.19a	1.03 to 1.38
Paranoia	1.02	0.86 to 1.21	1.04	0.88 to 1.23
AVH	1.05	0.88 to 1.25	0.97	0.87 to 1.08
Demographics
Age (≥65), years (Ref)
18–24	2.58b	1.29 to 5.16	0.65c	0.53 to 0.81
25–44	1.33	0.89 to 2.00	0.75b	0.60 to 0.93
45–64	1.26	0.83 to 1.89	0.78a	0.63 to 0.97
Sex (female)	1.04	0.79 to 1.36	1.15a	1.01 to 1.31
Ethnicity (BME)	0.59a	0.36 to 0.95	0.94	0.79 to 1.11
Socioeconomic status
Education (no qualifications) (Ref)
Professional, vocational, or work certificate	1.49b	1.13 to 1.95	1.05	0.94 to 1.17
Degree or higher	1.54	0.91 to 2.62	0.93	0.81 to 1.08
Non-employment	1.55b	1.14 to 2.10	1.22a	1.05 to 1.41
Problems with housing	1.30a	1.01 to 1.69	0.95	0.81 to 1.13
Index of Multiple Deprivation	1.00	0.99 to 1.01	1.00	1.00 to 1.01
Alcohol consumption
None (0 units) (Ref)
Moderate (<14 units)	1.03	0.77 to 1.37	0.88	0.77 to 1.02
Heavy (14–28 units)	0.83	0.57 to 1.21	0.88	0.75 to 1.02
Very heavy (>28 units)	0.98	0.54 to 1.78	1.24	1.00 to 1.64
Healthcare access
Distance to GP	1.31a	1.01 to 1.69	1.09	0.88 to 1.34
Distance to emergency department	0.93c	0.89 to 0.97	0.99	0.96 to 1.02
Problems with physical health (EQ-5D)
Mobility	1.26	0.89 to 1.79	1.14	0.87 to 1.50
Self-care	2.49c	1.72 to 3.61	1.42b	1.10 to 1.82
Usual activities	1.47a	1.04 to 2.08	1.33a	1.05 to 1.70
Pain	1.37a	1.00 to 1.87	1.52c	1.29 to 1.78

^aP<0.05.

^bP<0.01.

^cP<0.001. A&E = accident and emergency department. AVH = auditory verbal hallucinations. BME = black and minority ethnic. EQ-5D = EuroQol five-dimension scale. RR = rate ratio.