TABLE 3.
Respondent profile and rooibos herbal tea drinking behaviour.
| Variable | Characteristics | Total respondent sample (n = 308) | Respondents consuming optimal cup of rooibos herbal tea† | Significance (p < 0.05)‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) | Yes (n = 49) | No (n = 259) | |||||
| Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) | |||||
| Respondent demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Gender | Males | 98 | 31.8 | 17 | 34.7 | 81 | 31.3 | 0.620§ |
| Females | 210 | 68.2 | 32 | 65.3 | 178 | 68.7 | ||
| Age group¶ | Young adults | 146 | 47.4 | 24 | 49.0 | 122 | 47.1 | 0.735 |
| Middle aged adults | 126 | 40.9 | 18 | 36.7 | 108 | 41.7 | ||
| Older adults | 36 | 11.7 | 7 | 14.3 | 29 | 11.2 | ||
| Population group | Black/Indian or Coloured†† | 92 | 29.9 | 15 | 30.6 | 77 | 29.7 | 0.901 |
| White | 216 | 70.1 | 34 | 69.4 | 182 | 70.3 | ||
| Respondent lifestyle and health characteristics | ||||||||
| Perceived food and beverage intake | Consumed foods/beverages popular with and consumed by most adults of same age | 192 | 62.3 | 34 | 69.4 | 158 | 61.0 | 0.334§ |
| Consumed foods/beverages considered healthier choices | 116 | 37.7 | 15 | 30.6 | 101 | 39.0 | ||
| Physically active | Yes‡‡ | 158 | 51.3 | 23 | 46.9 | 135 | 52.1 | 0.535§ |
| No | 150 | 48.7 | 26 | 53.1 | 124 | 47.9 | ||
| Dietary supplement§§ use | Never | 108 | 35.1 | 19 | 38.8 | 89 | 34.3 | 0.388 |
| Seldom | 108 | 35.1 | 13 | 26.5 | 95 | 36.7 | ||
| Irregular (when remembered, fairly regularly), regularly†† | 92 | 29.9 | 17 | 34.7 | 75 | 29.0 | ||
| Smoking status¶¶ | Non-smoker | 226 | 73.4 | 35 | 71.4 | 191 | 73.7 | 0.727§ |
| Current smoker/former smoker†† | 82 | 26.6 | 14 | 28.6 | 68 | 26.3 | ||
| Perceived body weight status | Underweight/optimal/normal body weight†† | 185 | 60.1 | 28 | 57.1 | 157 | 60.6 | 0.649 |
| Slightly overweight/overweight/obese†† | 123 | 39.9 | 21 | 42.9 | 102 | 39.4 | ||
| Respondent rooibos consumption and preparation | ||||||||
| Consumption frequency | Seldom (almost never, 1–3 cups per month)†† | 96 | 31.2 | 16 | 32.7 | 80 | 30.9 | 0.968 |
| Weekly (1–6 cups per week)†† | 97 | 31.5 | 16 | 32.7 | 81 | 31.3 | ||
| One cup per day | 37 | 12.0 | 6 | 12.2 | 31 | 12.0 | ||
| More than one cup per day†† | 78 | 25.3 | 11 | 22.4 | 67 | 25.9 | ||
| Form usually | Tea bags | 286 | 92.9 | 45 | 91.8 | 241 | 93.0 | 0.762 |
| consumed | Loose tea leaves/iced tea (ready-to-drink, powder form)†† | 22 | 7.1 | 4 | 8.2 | 18 | 6.9 | |
| Usual preparation method††† | Tea bag steeped in cup or mug | 271 | 88.0 | 35 | 74.5 | 236 | 91.1 | 0.001 |
| Tea bags steeped in teapot | 35 | 11.4 | 12 | 25.5 | 23 | 8.9 | ||
| Temperature at which usually consumed | Hot/near boiling | 107 | 34.7 | 19 | 38.8 | 88 | 34.0 | 0.485 |
| Warm/still heated | 184 | 59.7 | 26 | 53.1 | 158 | 61.0 | ||
| Cooled/near cold | 17 | 5.5 | 4 | 8.2 | 13 | 5.0 | ||
| Flavouring usually added | Do not add flavouring(s) / lemon juice only†† | 52 | 16.9 | 13 | 26.5 | 39 | 15.1 | 0.228 |
| Sweetening agent only | 59 | 19.2 | 9 | 18.4 | 50 | 19.3 | ||
| Milk only | 13 | 4.2 | 1 | 2.0 | 12 | 4.6 | ||
| Sweetening agent and milk | 184 | 59.7 | 26 | 53.1 | 158 | 61.0 | ||
, usually consumed rooibos strength (represented by steeping time) used as criteria to group the respondents into those consuming an optimal cup of rooibos (n = 49) and those who do not (n = 259).
, Pearson’s chi-square.
, Fisher’s exact test (done for 2 × 2 tables).
, young adults as the age group 25 to 39 years; middle aged adults as the age group 40 to 64 years; and older adults as the age group 65 years and older (Hamarat et al. 2001).
, response options grouped together because of low cell counts.
, regular moderate exercise (e.g. walking or cycling) or strenuous exercise (jogging, football and vigorous swimming) for 4 h or more per week (Yusuf et al. 2004).
, a vitamin, mineral, herbal, plant extract, amino acid, metabolite, constitute or extract or a combination of any of these substances (Marriot, 2000).
, non-smoker have never smoked; current smoker smoked in the last 12 months or quit in the past year and former smoker quit smoking more than a year ago (Yusuf et al. 2004).
, tea leaves as response option omitted because of low respondent usage (n = 2).