Fig. 1. ExtraCRAd, production and treatment.

Tumor cells (a) were cultured and engrafted into mouse model (b₁). We employed the same cell line to extract the cell membrane: cells were lysed, tumor membrane isolated and mixed with an oncolytic adenovirus serotype 5, with a 24-base-pairs deletion, carrying -CpG islands (i.e., A5-Δ24-CpG)⁶⁰ (b₂). Through the extrusion process the virus was artificially wrapped with the cancer cell membrane to obtain ExtraCRAd (c). Finally, established tumors were treated with multiple intratumoral injections of ExtraCRAd (d). The petri dish, mice and syringes images are taken from Servier Medical Art, under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.