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. 2019 Dec 17;10:5753. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13625-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a–c Formation and dynamics of mesendoderm (red), epiblast (cyan), and endoderm (yellow) cells spanning 4–17 hpf. n = 3 where all embryos resembled the images shown here. a Mesendoderm specification begins at the dorsal lip (white triangle), spreads around the germ ring and converges towards the dorsal midline, forming the somites and notochord (white triangles). b Epiblast cells converge towards the anterior (white triangles) leading to formation of brain, spinal cord and optic cups. c Endoderm specification begins at the dorsal shield (white triangle) with the DFCs, followed by rest of the endoderm, which forms the gut lining and Kupffer’s vesicle upon dorsal convergence. Yellow spots in the first two images is non-specific signal. d Merge of all three germlayers. Scale bar: 200 μm. A: anterior, P: posterior. e Mean relative cell numbers (n = 3) for epiblast (blue), mesendoderm (red) and endoderm (yellow). Bands correspond to 1.96 · standard error. Dashed part of the yellow line indicates the period before endoderm specification. f Schematic explaining germlayer specification showing blastoderm differentiating into mesendoderm and epiblast. Mesendoderm further differentiates into mesoderm and endoderm.