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. 2019 Dec 17;10:5753. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13625-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Cell densities shown as grayscale (white-low to black-high) on spherical representation of embryo. Regions of high densities (>0.33 normalized density) are color-coded, showing the extent of epiblast (blue) and mesendoderm (red) at various time points. Data shown in lateral (top) and dorsal (bottom) views. Arrows indicate expected direction of epiboly movement (solid) and convergence movement (dashed). AP: animal pole, VP: vegetal pole, MP: medio-posterior. b, c Proportions of epiboly (solid) and convergence (dashed) movement for epiblast (b) and mesendoderm (c) lines show mean across 3 embryos (n = 3). Gray dashed line indicates end of epiboly (tailbud stage). d General motion patterns of epiblast and mesendoderm shown as streamlines in Mercator projections, each interval covers ~1.5 h of development. Dorsal midline indicated by dashed line. Correlation of motion between germlayers is indicated as bars on the left edge of each streamline plot. e Tissue flow shown as density-weighted streamlines for epiblast and mesendoderm, thickness of streamlines indicates cell density at the respective site. Principal directions for epiboly (solid-gray) and convergence (dashed-gray) movement in Mercator projection are shown as overlay in f and g, respectively. g Border separating the ectodermal and mesendodermal flows is indicated by a solid line along the left-right axis.