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. 2019 Dec 17;10:5758. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13640-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Immunofluorescence analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1, VEGFR2, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) expression in tumor vessels in NF2 and non-NF2. Vessels in schwannomas of non-NF2 exhibited negative VEGFR expression with pericytes expressing PDGFR-β. In contrast, vessels in schwannomas of NF2 exhibited strong VEGFR expression without PDGFR-β-positive pericytes. The original magnification was × 400, and the magnification bars = 100 μm. b Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2. The relative gene expression of VEGF-A and VEGFRs tended to be higher in NF2 than in non-NF2. P-values were determined by Student’s t test. The mean (bar) ± SD (error bars) is shown (NF2, n = 23; Non-NF2, n = 21). c Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. The V symbols indicate vascular structure, and the black arrows indicate tumor cells with positive VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression. Larger vessels were observed in NF2 than in non-NF2. VEGF-A expression was stronger in NF2. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were expressed on endothelial cells and tumor cells in schwannomas in both NF2 and non-NF2. In the panels showing H&E, CD34, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, the original magnification was ×400 and the magnification bars = 100 μm. In the panels showing VEGF-A, the original magnification was ×200 and the magnification bars = 100 μm. d Comparisons of vessel diameter and microvessel density in NF2 and non-NF2. There was no significant difference in microvessel density between schwannomas in non-NF2 and NF2. However, vessel diameter was significantly larger in NF2 than in non-NF2. P-values were determined by Student’s t test. The mean (bar) ± SD (error bars) is shown (NF2, n = 23; Non-NF2, n = 21). VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, PDGFR-β platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta, DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, NF2 neurofibromatosis type 2, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, H&E hematoxylin and eosin, MVD microvessel density, HPF high-power field.