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. 2019 Dec 17;9:19287. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55254-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A,B) Annual changes of PC1 and PC4, HA of the R group human strains (n = 83). The numbers indicate the last digit of the year. The colours indicate the estimated branches of evolution. Other PC axes are presented in Fig. S4C. (C) Leaps found in the group R strains. In the last branch (grey), the values did not change in PC1, but they reverted in PC2 after 30 years. The numbers indicate the last two digits of the year. (D) Annual changes in H1 (1) and H3 (3) patient counts in Japan.