Total distance traveled (mean, ±SEM) of male and female adolescent rats pretreated with vehicle (upper graph), AMPT (middle graph), or PCPA (lower graph) and then tested after saline, ketamine (20 or 40 mg/kg), cocaine (15 mg/kg), or D-amphetamine (2 mg/kg) treatment on PD 41. a = Significantly different from male rats given the same drug treatment.