Fig. 5.

rIL-22 administration induces tight junctions in vitro during infection. a Human airway cells were grown at air–liquid interface. Cells were infected with 2009 H1N1 (MOI = 100) and treated with human rIL-22:Fc or vehicle (PBS) basolaterally. Transepithelial resistance was measured daily. Each point represents four separate experiments from cells from four different donors. n = 4 wells per experiment. b, c NHBE cells monolayers grown on collagen and infected (A/PR/8/34, MOI = 50) and treated with 30 ng/ml rhIL-22 (R&D Systems) 1 day after infection. RNA was collected and quantitative RT-PCR was performed for b CLDN4 and c TJP2. d A549 cells were infected and treated with IL-22 (30 ng/ml). Shown is representative immunofluorescence staining for ZO-1 and DAPI from two independent experiments. n = 4 wells per experiment. e Comparative quantification of ZO-1 mean fluorescent intensity by group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 5 and is representative of three experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001