Table 3.

Explained variance in self‐efficacy at five‐year follow‐up

Co‐ variates	Self‐efficacy other symptoms				Self‐efficacy pain
	B	Std. Error	Beta	p‐value	B	Std. Error	Beta	p‐value
Constant	38.826	14.647		.010	48.716	19.901		.016
Female	7.074	2.798	0.194	.013*	12.589	3.801	0.298	.001*
University education	2.326	2.701	0.065	.392	3.944	3.670	0.096	.286
Age	0.052	0.133	0.031	.696	−0.258	0.181	−0.131	.158
AIOS (0–100) ↑	0.052	0.084	0.056	.540	0.011	0.114	0.011	.921
PAM 13 (0–100) ↑	0.446	0.107	0.380	<.001*	0.468	0.146	0.344	.002*
MHAQ (0–3) ↓	1.224	2.253	0.047	.588	0.704	3.061	0.023	.819
HADS total (0–42) ↓	−0.710	0.219	−0.307	.002*	0.086	0.298	0.032	.774
VAS pain (0–100) ↓	0.124	0.092	0.170	.184	−0.035	0.126	−0.041	.783
VAS tiredness (0–100) ↓	−0.146	0.057	−0.211	.012*	−0.155	0.077	−0.193	.048*
VAS disease activity (0–100) ↓	−0.131	0.096	−0.178	.175	−0.172	0.130	−0.201	.190
Adjusted R2				52.6				35.0

B = Multiple linear regression analyses, unstandardized coefficients, Std. Error = standard error, Beta = standardized coefficients.

Abbreviations: ↑, higher score is better; ↓, lower score is better; AIOS, Arizona Integrative Outcomes Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MHAQ, modified health assessment questionnaire; PAM13, patient activation measure‐13; VAS, 100 mm visual analogue scales.

^* p‐value < .05.