Figure 1.
Examples of patient and informal caregiver performance of tasks. (A) A patient and her informal caregiver took notes on an instruction sheet about how to set up their infusion pump, writing additional subtasks they were told also were necessary but were not written on the instruction sheet. (B) Patient receiving both total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and ertapenem uses the saline-administer-saline-heparin (SASH) system to start infusing his ertapenem. This laminated placemat allowed the patient and his home health nurse to take additional notes to tailor the task to his particular situation as well as reminders to scrub the venous catheter tip for 15 s with alcohol preparation pads prior to each subtask. (C) A patient’s informal caregiver injects a reconstituted antibiotic (ceftaroline) into a mini-bag of saline prior to initiation of infusion using a needle. The week prior, the patient informed the study team that this subtask had resulted in the caregiver sustaining a needlestick injury.