Table 2.

Example Icelandic Prevention Approach Community-Developed Goals and Strategies

Domain	Example Community-Developed Goals	Example Community-Developed Strategies
Family	Improve parental knowledge and understanding of the impact of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs (ATOD) on their children	1. Conduct parent meetings in schools that use local survey findings to demonstrate the preventive impact of family factors on ATOD use 2. Provide original parent educational programs related to the impacts of ATOD on adolescents 3. Connect families to existing educational resources in community, such as existing community campaigns, factually accurate websites, documentaries 4. Initiate regular ongoing educational communications and reminders through social media, phone-based announcement systems, and take-home mail 5. Ensure parents can identify community educational and treatment resources related to ATOD 6. Reduce student access to ATOD in the home
	Strengthen connections and communications between adolescents and their families	7. Increase the amount of time parents spend with children each week 8. Increase parental monitoring to ensure parents are consistently aware of where adolescents are, who they are with, and what they are doing 9. Increase adolescent perceptions of the quality and value of time spent with family members by setting aside routine daily or weekly family time 10. Use clear and consistent parental messages about expectations related to ATOD 11. Ensure all adolescent can identify at least one family member they can ask for help with issues related to ATOD
	Strengthen connections and collaboration between families	12. Increase social cohesion among families through shared activities and communications, e.g., share a monthly meal with your child’s friends’ families or other shared activity 13. Increase parental comonitoring/co-communication about their children’s activities and whereabouts 14. Use parental contracts to agree on common goals and behavioral limits for their children 15. Assemble a group of parents that engage in regular parental walks around the community 16. Develop parent agreements about consistent messages regarding ATOD
School	Strengthen parent appreciation of the benefits of positive student experiences in school and enhance commitments parent-school to partnerships	1. Conduct parent and school personnel meetings in schools that use local survey findings to demonstrate the preventive impact of school factors on ATOD use 2. Establish parent agreements to provide consistently supportive messages to their adolescents about the importance of school 3. Establish agreements from school personnel to provide consistently important messages about the value of family 4. Increase the number of positive communications between parents and school personnel, i.e., catching students doing something “right” 5. Establish parent–school agreements to give each other the benefit of the doubt when communicating about student challenges 6. Conduct or enhance parent–teacher nights/school-wide celebrations of student success 7. Strengthen existing parent–teacher organizations 8. Increase participation of parents as volunteers/comonitors at school and school events
	Improve adolescent wellbeing in schools and enhance the capacity of schools to improve student health and wellbeing	9. Fund and support coordinated school health programs in schools that include effective counseling, clinical services, parent and community engagement, etc., e.g., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ASCD’s Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model 10. Establish multitiered systems of support for student mental and emotional health that include the following:  a. Promoting a positive school climate for all students, including positive relationships with school personnel and classmates  b. Proactively identifying groups of vulnerable students and providing prevention services and programs  c. Referring students in need of additional individual assistance to community-based or school-based clinical mental health providers 11. Adopt a “health in all policies” approach to all school policy development
	Strengthen adolescent connections to school and school-based messages related to ATOD	12. Engage all school faculty and staff as advocates for ATOD prevention 13. Ensure that all school provide clear pathways to academic and life success 14. Ensure all students can identify at least one adult at school they can ask for help related to issues with ATOD 15. Set clear expectations and consequences regarding using and distributing ATOD use at school and during school activities, e.g., dances, athletic events, field trips 16. Establish or strengthen student clubs or “sober societies” in schools dedicated to ATOD prevention and creating an adolescent culture that supports delaying the use of ATOD
Peers	Improve adult and adolescent knowledge and understanding of the impact of peer influences on ATOD use	1. Conduct parent meetings in schools that use local survey findings to demonstrate the preventive impact of peer factors on ATOD use 2. Conduct parent meetings in schools that use local survey findings to describe local peer norms related to ATOD among community adolescents 3. Provide student educational workshops focused on building positive peer relationships and peer support for positive ATOD-related decision making
	Improve parent knowledge of their children’s friends/friends’ families	4. Increase number of parent-supervised activities that include adolescents’ friends 5. Increase number of family-to-family activities that include adolescents’ friends and their families 6. Increase rates of parents attending students’ events featuring their children and their children’s friends, e.g., athletic events, recitals, shows
	Increase associations with prosocial peers and decrease associations with peers using ATOD	7. Encourage adolescents’ attendance at structured and supervised leisure time activities 8. Encourage adolescents’ attendance in structured and supervised youth centers 9. Provide adult role models demonstrating prosocial relationships at home, school, leisure time
	Decrease ATOD access through peers	10. Organize a monitoring system for tobacco and alcohol outlets and appropriate punishments for breaching 11. Enforce legal limits to the sale of alcohol and tobacco to minors
Leisure time	Improve adult knowledge and understanding of the impact of leisure time on ATOD use	1. Conduct parent, policy maker, and other community member meetings in schools that use local survey findings to demonstrate the preventive impact of leisure time factors on ATOD use
	Increase opportunities for structured and organized leisure time activities such as sports, drama clubs, dance, scouting programs, religious groups	2. Raise municipal and area-based funding for organized activities 3. Make organized leisure time activities accessible to all children, ex. distribute a prepaid leisure time card (voucher) to all children, paid for by the municipality 4. Increase the number and range of leisure time options to reflect a wide range of student interests
	Ensure there are safe and healthy places for adolescents to spend time and engage with each other	5. Open area-based youth clubs that are supervised by responsible adults where tobacco and alcohol use are strictly prohibited
	Decrease the number of unstructured and unmonitored leisure time hours among adolescents	6. Decrease rates of late outside hours (e.g., after midnight) 7. Use parental school–community meetings to demonstrate the importance of reasonable limits to late outside hours
	Reduce adolescent access to ATOD during leisure time.	8. Organize a monitoring system for tobacco and alcohol outlets and appropriate punishments for breaching 9. Enforce legal limits to the sale of alcohol and tobacco to minors
Common cross-domain goals	1. Create a cohesive team of adults dedicated to preventing ATOD use among adolescents 2. Coordinate adult participation in strategies related to ATOD prevention 3. Unify adult messages regarding ATOD 4. Reduce adolescent access to ATOD 5. Reduce unstructured and unmonitored hours among adolescents in which they could use ATOD 6. Ensure all adolescent have regular access to adults from whom they feel comfortable asking for help with ATOD issues 7. Sustain community attention, commitment, and action dedicated to preventing ATOD use among adolescents