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. 2019 Dec 17;10(6):e02591-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02591-19

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Copyright © 2019 Zhou et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 2 — Tryptophan metabolites reactivate HIV-1 in cells isolated from cART-treated patients. (A) PBMCs isolated from cART-treated HIV-1 patients were treated with Kyn (200 μM) or FICZ (500 nM) for 4 days. TNF-α (1 μg/ml) stimulation was used as a positive control. (B) Purified resting CD4⁺ T cells from cART-treated HIV-1 patients were stimulated with FICZ (10 μM) for 4 days. Viral reactivation was measured by quantifying the production of intracellular gag mRNA for donors 1 to 3 (A) and donors 4 to 7 (B). The fold enrichment representing viral reactivation relative to medium treatment was calculated.