FIG 3.

GPS1 does not affect the early or late steps of the virus replication cycle. (A) Effect of GPS1 downregulation on the early steps of influenza virus infection. siRNA-treated cells were infected with PB2-KO/Rluc virus, and luciferase activities in the virus-infected cells were measured at 8 hpi. Amantadine served as a positive control for the inhibition of virus uncoating. Statistical analysis was carried out by using ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. ***, P < 0.001 for three independent experiments. (B) VLP formation in GPS1-downregulated cells. Viral protein expression plasmids for HA, NA, and M1 were transfected into siRNA-treated cells. The supernatants (Sup.) were harvested at 24 hpi, and HA and M1 were detected by Western blotting using anti-HA and anti-M1 antibodies.