Table 3.
Urine cumulative excretion of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenylvaleric acids (μmol) in the interval T1–T24 in 11 subjects (S1–11). The values reported in brackets indicate the percentage of each metabolite on the sum of all detected compounds. ACE: average cumulative excretion (± standard deviation).
| PVL and PVA Metabolites | Cumulative Excretion (μmol) and Relative % of Different Metabolites in the 11 Study Subjects | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S9 | S4 | S3 | S5 | S8 | S2 | S1 | S10 | S6 | S11 | S7 | ACE | |
| 5-phenyl-γ-VL-3′-sulfate | 8.61 (1.6) |
10.85 (2.7) |
2.43 0.8) |
2.95 (1.4) |
0.56 (0.3) |
8.33 (7.7) |
2.17 (1.9) |
24.09 (20.9) |
7.02 (9.9) |
53.23 (43.3) |
3.31 (4.5) |
11.23 (±15.38) |
| 5-(3′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-VL-4′-sulfate | 192.05 (36.6) |
174.55 (42.9) |
168.04 (58.1) |
104.29 (50.6) |
91.97 (47.6) |
68.18 (62.7) |
79.06 (70.1) |
66.24 (57.58) |
40.21 (56.9) |
31.41 (25.6) |
57.79 (77.8) |
96.92 (±56.92) |
| 5-phenyl-γ-VL-3′-glucuronide | 6.27 (1.2) |
4.26 (1.0) |
0.03 (0.0) |
0.42 (0.2) |
0.04 (0.0) |
0.04 (0.0) |
0.05 (0.0) |
2.76 (2.4) |
3.70 (5.2) |
25.60 (20.8) |
0.04 (0.1) |
3.93 (±7.51) |
| 5-(hydroxyphenyl)-γ-VL-glucuronide | 275.60 (52.6) |
174.40 (42.9) |
93.17 (32.2) |
83.63 (40.6) |
81.44 (42.2) |
23.81 (21.9) |
19.54 (17.3) |
16.61 (14.4) |
9.93 (14.1) |
6.91 (5.6) |
4.82 (6.5) |
71.81 (±85.64) |
| 5-phenyl-γ-VL-methoxy-sulfate (1) | 0.44 (0.1) |
0.52 (0.1) |
0.46 (0.2) |
0.39 (0.2) |
0.36 (0.2) |
0.34 (0.3) |
0.31 (0.3) |
0.34 (0.3) |
0.23 (0.3) |
0.39 (0.3) |
0.29 (0.4) |
0.37 (±0.08) |
| 5-phenyl-γ-VL-methoxy-sulfate (2) | 1.30 (0.2) |
1.00 (0.2) |
1.11 (0.4) |
0.84 (0.4) |
0.57 (0.3) |
0.59 (0.5) |
0.59 (0.5) |
0.50 (0.4) |
0.33 (0.5) |
0.36 (0.3) |
0.33 (0.4) |
0.68 (±0.33) |
| 5-phenyl-γ-VL-methoxy-glucuronide | 1.96 (0.4) |
1.18 (0.3) |
0.80 (0.3) |
0.81 (0.4) |
1.07 (0.6) |
0.62 (0.6) |
0.81 (0.7) |
1.40 (1.2) |
0.30 (0.4) |
0.43 (0.6) |
0.39 (0.5) |
0.89 (±0.49) |
| 5-phenyl-γ-VL-sulfate-glucuronide | 30.91 (5.9) |
33.92 (8.3) |
12.30 (4.3) |
10.67 (5.2) |
9.57 (5.0) |
6.83 (6.3) |
5.51 (4.9) |
3.10 (2.7) |
6.87 (9.7) |
3.20 (2.6) |
5.49 (7.4) |
11.67 (±10.67) |
| 4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyphenyl)-VA-sulfate | 7.18 (1.4) |
6.14 (1.5) |
10.60 (3.7) |
2.07 (1.0) |
7.39 (3.8) |
<LOD (0.0) |
4.67 (4.1) |
0.06 (0.1) |
1.85 (2.6) |
0.30 (0.2) |
1.82 (2.4) |
3.82 (±3.58) |
| 4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyphenyl)-VA-methoxy-sulfate | 0.02 (0.0) |
0.01 (0.0) |
0.04 (0.0) |
0.01 (0.0) |
0.02 (0.0) |
<LOD (0.0) |
<LOD (0.0) |
<LOD (0.0) |
0.02 (0.0) |
0.01 (0.0) |
0.01 (0.0) |
0.01 (±0.01) |
| 4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyphenyl)-VA-glucuronide | 0.02 (0.0) |
0.17 (0.0) |
0.21 (0.1) |
0.02 (0.0) |
0.04 (0.0) |
0.02 (0.0) |
0.03 (0.0) |
0.02 (0.0) |
0.21 (0.3) |
0.98 (0.8) |
0.02 (0.0) |
0.16 (±0.28) |
| SUM (μmol) | 524.35 | 406.98 | 289.18 | 206.10 | 193.03 | 108.77 | 112.73 | 115.13 | 70.68 | 122.79 | 74.30 | 202.19 (±147.53) |
| % excretion (to all flavan-3-ols) | 9.1 | 7.1 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 3.52 (±2.56) |
| % excretion (to total PACs) | 17.9 | 13.9 | 9.9 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 6.90 (±5.04) |