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Schematic illustration of: (a) the assembly of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) substrate film, a biodegradable PLGA device film, and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film prior to the fabrication process; (b) hot punching is performed by applying pressure and heat; (c) a demolding step of the Ni stamp is completed, leading to separation of PLGA microcontainers from the surrounding film; (d) mechanical peeling of the surrounding PLGA film.
