Table 3.

Swelling degree (SD), Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC), Fixed charge density (${\mathrm{CD}}_{\mathrm{fix}}$), Permselectivity (S), and Electrical resistance (ER) with standard error (SE, $n=3$) of the synthesized CEM before and after modification. We also include reference values found in the literature [43,46], and values for two commercially available CEMs, an CMX and a Fujifilm Type 10 CEM [3,71].

Membrane	SD ± SE	IEC ± SE	${\mathbf{CD}}_{\mathbf{fix}}$ ± SE	S± SE	ER ± SE
	(%)	(meq $\mathbf{g}$−1)	(meq $\mathbf{g}$−1)	(%)	($\mathsf{\Omega }$ cm${}^2$)
CEM *	4.0 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.2	33.6 ± 4.8	90.0 ± 0.3	6.77 ± 0.14
Modified-CEM *	4.5 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.1	36.6 ± 3.0	90.9 ± 0.7	3.10 ± 0.32
CEM †	25	1.45	5.8	79	23
Modified-CEM †	43	1.53	3.5	67	12
CMX ‡	18	1.62	8.8	99	2.91
Fujifilm Type 10 CEM ‡	21	1.67	7.95	94.7	2.3

* This work. ^† Reference. ^‡ Commercial.