Table 1.
Socio-demographic factors and violence among refugee/displaced adolescent girls and young women in Kampala, Uganda (N = 333)
| Sociodemographic factor | Total N | Overall (N = 333) | No violence reported (N = 154, 46.2%) | 1 type of violence reported (N = 148, 44.4%) | +1 type of violence reported (N = 31, 9.3%) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |||
| Age at interview date (years) | 333 | Mean = 19.31, SD = 2.56 | Range = 16–24 | Mean = 18.84, SD = 2.36 | Range = 16–24 | Mean = 19.60, SD = 2.64 | Range = 16–24 | Mean = 20.23, SD = 2.75 | Range = 16–24 | < 0.004 |
| Education | 333 | < 0.355 | ||||||||
| Less than post-secondary school | 190 | (57.1) | 93 | (60.4) | 78 | (52.7) | 19 | (61.3) | ||
| Post-secondary education | 143 | (42.9) | 61 | (39.6) | 70 | (47.3) | 12 | (38.7) | ||
| Country of birth | 333 | < 0.034 | ||||||||
| South Sudan | 30 | (9.0) | 5 | (3.2) | 20 | (13.5) | 5 | (16.1) | ||
| Burundi | 111 | (33.3) | 51 | (33.1) | 53 | (35.8) | 7 | (22.6) | ||
| DR Congo | 153 | (45.9) | 80 | (51.9) | 58 | (39.2) | 15 | (48.4) | ||
| Rwanda | 19 | (5.7) | 8 | (5.2) | 10 | (6.8) | 1 | (3.2) | ||
| Others | 20 | (6.0) | 10 | (6.5) | 7 | (4.7) | 3 | (9.7) | ||
| Immigration status | 330 | < 0.325 | ||||||||
| Refugees | 305 | (92.4) | 136 | (90.1) | 140 | (94.6) | 29 | (93.5) | ||
| Asylum seeker/undocumented | 25 | (7.6) | 15 | (9.9) | 8 | (5.4) | 2 | (6.5) | ||
| Time in Uganda 333 | < 0.106 | |||||||||
| >1 year | 209 | (62.8) | 15 | (9.7) | 6 | (4.1) | 2 | (6.5) | ||
| 1–5 years | 84 | (25.2) | 87 | (56.5) | 78 | (52.7) | 21 | (67.7) | ||
| <5 years | 40 | (12.0) | 52 | (33.8) | 64 | (43.2) | 8 | (25.8) | ||
| Employment | 333 | 0.000 | ||||||||
| Students | 155 | (46.5) | 71 | (46.1) | 73 | (49.3) | 11 | (35.5) | ||
| Employed | 46 | (13.8) | 9 | (5.8) | 34 | (23.0) | 3 | (9.7) | ||
| Unemployed | 132 | (39.6) | 74 | (48.1) | 41 | (27.7) | 17 | (54.8) | ||
| Relationship status | 312 | < 0.071 | ||||||||
| No current partner | 144 | (46.2) | 76 | (54.7) | 57 | (39.9) | 11 | (36.7) | ||
| Dating one partner/married | 131 | (42.0) | 52 | (37.4) | 65 | (45.5) | 14 | (46.7) | ||
| Casual dating/multiple partners | 37 | (11.9) | 11 | (7.9) | 21 | (14.7) | 5 | (16.7) | ||
| Mobile phone ownership and use | 333 | 0.043 | ||||||||
| No | 95 | 28.53 | 53 | (34.4) | 32 | (21.6) | 10 | (32.3) | ||
| Yes | 238 | 71.47 | 101 | (65.6) | 116 | (78.4) | 21 | (67.7) | ||
| Mobile App usage | 333 | 0.000 | ||||||||
| No | 76 | 22.82 | 46 | (29.9) | 20 | (13.5) | 10 | (32.3) | ||
| > 1 | 52 | 15.62 | 32 | (20.8) | 19 | (12.8) | 1 | (3.2) | ||
| + 1 | 205 | 61.56 | 76 | (49.4) | 109 | (73.6) | 20 | (64.5) | ||
| Depressive symptoms | 333 | 0.000 | ||||||||
| No | 87 | 26.13 | 56 | (36.4) | 28 | (18.9) | 3 | (9.7) | ||
| Yes | 246 | 73.87 | 98 | (63.6) | 120 | (81.1) | 28 | (90.3) | ||
| Transactional sex engagement | 324 | 0.000 | ||||||||
| No | 238 | (73.5) | 123 | (82.0) | 102 | (70.8) | 13 | (43.3) | ||
| Yes | 86 | (26.5) | 27 | (18.0) | 42 | (29.2) | 17 | (56.7) | ||
| Sexual relationship power | 248 | Mean = 30.27, SD = 6.40 | Range = 11–44 | Mean = 29.16, SD = 5.04 | Range = 11–44 | Mean = 31.19, SD = 7.34 | Range = 11–44 | Mean = 30.57, SD = 6.26 | Range = 13–44 | 0.061 |
| Adolescent sexual and reproductive health stigma | 333 | Mean = 13.92, SD = 4.08 | Range = 1–19 | Mean = 13.13, SD = 4.51 | Range = 0–19 | Mean = 14.49, SD = 3.35 | Range = 5–19 | Mean = 15.13, SD = 4.40 | Range = 0–19 | 0.003 |
| Food insecurity | 333 | 0.006 | ||||||||
| No | 95 | (28.5) | 42 | (27.3) | 51 | (34.5) | 2 | (6.5) | ||
| Yes | 238 | (71.5) | 112 | (72.7) | 97 | (65.5) | 29 | (93.5) | ||
| Perceived community safety | 333 | 0.544 | ||||||||
| Not safe | 143 | (42.9) | 63 | (40.9) | 64 | (43.2) | 16 | (51.6) | ||
| Safe | 190 | (57.1) | 91 | (59.1) | 84 | (56.8) | 15 | (48.4) | ||
Note: 1. P-values were calculated using ANOVA or Chi square test
*Types of violence included verbal, physical, and sexual violence