Table 2. Guidelines for cervical cancer screening in different countries.

Country		Screening ages (yr)	Primary screening test and interval	Use of hrHPV screening
Australia [36]		25–69	hrHPV screening with partial HPV genotyping and reflex LBC triage every 5 yr	-
Canada [50,51]		25–69	Cytology every 3 yr	With regional variation and rollout of primary HPV screening in pilot studies
England [52,53]		25–49	hrHPV screening every 3 yr	-
		50–64	hrHPV screening every 5 yr	-
Germany [52,54]		≥20	Cytology annually	HPV primary testing in implementation, HPV triage testing [55]
Netherlands [35]		30–64	hrHPV screening every 5 yr	-
Singapore [56]		25–29	Cytology every 3 yr	-
		30–69	hrHPV screening every 5 yr	-
Sweden [52]		23–50	hrHPV screening every 3 yr	-
		51–60	hrHPV screening every 5 yr	-
USA
	ACS/ASCCP/ASCP (2012) [57]	21–29	Cytology every 3 yr	-
		30–65	Co-testing every 5 yr (preferred)	-
			Cytology every 3 yr
	Interim guidance (2015) [58]	≥25	-	hrHPV screening with genotyping
	US-PSTF (2018) [42]	21–29	Cytology every 3 yr	-
		30–65	Cytology every 3 yr (preferred)	-
			hrHPV screening every 5 yr (preferred)
			Co-testing every 5 yr

ACS, American Cancer Society; ASCP, American Society for Clinical Pathology; ASCCP, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology; hrHPV, high-risk human papillomavirus; HPV, human papillomavirus; LBC, liquid-based cytology; US-PSTF, US Preventive Services Task Force.