Table 3.

Questionnaire outcomes and handgrip strength (n = 25)

	Range	Baseline	Post	Follow-up	p	p1	p2	p3
Geriatric Depression Scale (Short-form)	0–15	3.00 (2.00, 4.50)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	3.00 (1.00, 4.00)	0.002	0.015	0.021	1.00
Health-related Quality of Life (n = 24)	28–112	91.5 (80.3, 95.8)	101 (92.5, 104)	98.5 (86.0, 102)	<0.001	<0.001	0.072	0.101
Health-related Quality of Life (Proxy)	31–124	94.4±16.0	101±9.59	95.5±14.2	0.013	0.076	0.042	1.00
Mini Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination	0–30	9.50 (3.00, 17.5)	14.0 (9.00, 19.0)	12.0 (8.00, 18.8)	<0.001	<0.001	0.045	0.036
Attention	0–4	1.00 (0.00, 2.00)	1.00 (0.00, 3.00)	1.00 (0.00, 3.00)	0.212
Memory	0–7	5.00 (0.00, 7.00)	6.00 (5.00, 7.00)	6.00 (4.00, 7.00)	0.021	0.009	0.333	0.117
Verbal Fluency (Animals)	0–7	2.00 (0.00, 3.00)	2.00 (0.500, 4.00)	2.00 (0.00, 3.00)	0.015	0.027	0.021	1.00
Clock Drawing	0–5	2.00 (1.00, 4.00)	3.00 (1.00, 5.00)	3.50 (1.50, 4.25)	0.313
Memory Recall	0–7	0.00 (0.00, 1.00)	0.00 (0.00, 2.00)	0.00 (0.00, 2.50)	0.290
Hand Grip Strength (kg)		16.3±6.83	17.4±6.89	16.1±6.34	0.070

Continuous normally distributed variables are presented as mean±standard deviation and not normally distributed variables are displayed as median (1st, 3rd quartile). Categorical variables = p¹: between “Baseline” and “Post” timepoints, p²: between “Post” and “Follow-up” timepoints, p³: between “Baseline” and “Follow-up” timepoints. Outcomes were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. p values for p¹, p², and p³ are corrected for the inflation of Type-I error with the Bonferroni rule.