Table 3.
Prevalence of current or past smoking and the factors associated in the total sample and by gender in a rural district in Bangladesh.
| Never smoker, N = 1180 (49%) | Tobacco smoker ever, N = 656 (27.1%) | Smokeless tobacco, N = 570 (23.5%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Total | Total | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI)∗ | n (%) | OR (95% CI)∗ | |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–39 | 496 (74.1) | 135 (20.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 38 (5.7) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 40–59 | 304 (50.6) | 195 (32.4) | 2.36 (1.81, 3.06) | 102 (17.0) | 4.38 (2.94, 6.53) |
| 60–69 | 292 (33.3) | 257 (29.3) | 3.23 (2.51, 4.17) | 328 (37.4) | 14.7 (10.2, 21.1) |
| 70 and above | 88 (34) | 69 (26.6) | 2.88 (1.99, 4.16) | 102 (39.4) | 15.1 (9.78, 23.4) |
|
| |||||
| Gender | |||||
| Females | 750 (61) | 113 (9.1) | 1.0 | 375 (30.3) | 1.0 |
| Males | 430 (36.8) | 543 (46.5) | 8.38 (6.63, 10.6) | 195 (16.7) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) |
|
| |||||
| Education | |||||
| No education | 218 (33) | 172 (26.0) | 2.71 (1.97, 3.72) | 84 (10.4) | 1.00 |
| Primary education | 408 (43.4) | 317 (33.7) | 3.47 (2.67, 4.52) | 215 (22.9) | 2.81 (2.08, 3.80) |
| Secondary and above education | 554 (68.8) | 167 (20.7) | 1.00 | 271 (41.0) | 3.88 (2.82, 5.36) |
|
| |||||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 981 (51.1) | 563 (29.4) | 1.00 | 374 (19.5) | 1.00 |
| Widowed | 137 (33.8) | 77 (19.0) | 1.54 (1.03, 2.30) | 191 (47.2) | 1.24 (0.91, 1.68) |
| Single or unmarried | 59 (75.6) | 15 (19.2) | 0.43 (0.23, 0.79) | 4 (5.1) | 0.45 (0.15, 1.34) |
|
| |||||
| Occupation | |||||
| House work | 643 (65.9) | 74 (7.6) | 1.0 | 259 (26.5) | 1.0 |
| Student | 39 (97.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0.32 (0.04, 2.41) | 0 | — |
| Land owner | 55 (25.7) | 123 (57.5) | 7.15 (4.04, 12.7) | 36 (16.8) | 2.02 (1.1, 3.7) |
| Daily labours | 74 (26.9) | 173 (62.9) | 7.97 (4.65, 13.7) | 28 (10.2) | 1.05 (0.57, 1.96) |
| Business | 91 (42.3) | 108 (50.2) | 5.54 (3.18, 9.65) | 16 (7.4) | 0.64 (0.32, 1.26) |
| Government or nongovernment job | 81 (59.6) | 41 (30.1) | 2.72 (1.49, 4.96) | 14 (10.3) | 0.79 (0.39, 1.57) |
| Retired or unable to work | 190 (35.2) | 133 (24.6) | 1.36 (0.83, 2.21) | 217 (40.2) | 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) |
| Unemployed | 7 (70) | 3 (30) | 3.86 (0.93, 16.1) | 0 | — |
|
| |||||
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Insufficient funds all the time | 141 (39.1) | 134 (37.1) | 1.67 (1.06, 2.64) | 86 (23.8) | 1.05 (0.64, 1.72) |
| Insufficient funds some of the time | 341 (43.9) | 200 (25.8) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.44) | 235 (30.3) | 1.41 (0.92, 2.16) |
| Medium (not good or bad) | 562 (54.6) | 262 (25.5) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.34) | 205 (19.9) | 1.01 (0.67, 1.53) |
| Sufficient funds most of the time | 136 (56.7) | 60 (25) | 1.00 | 44 (18.3) | 1.00 |
|
| |||||
| Health condition | |||||
| No | 626 (59.3) | 299 (28.3) | 1.00 | 131 (12.4) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 554 (41) | 357 (26.4) | 1.0 (0.78, 1.28) | 439 (32.5) | 1.79 (1.39, 2.32) |
|
| |||||
| Number of health conditions | |||||
| 1-2 conditions | 395 (52.9) | 167 (22.4) | 1.00 | 185 (24.8) | 1.0 |
| 3 or more conditions | 785 (47.3) | 489 (29.5) | 1.46 (1.14, 1.88) | 385 (23.2) | 0.54 (0.42, 0.70) |
|
| |||||
| Psychological distress | |||||
| Not distressed | 617 (54.4) | 281 (24.8) | 1.0 | 236 (20.8) | 1.0 |
| Mild | 277 (50.5) | 138 (25.2) | 1.26 (0.95, 1.67) | 133 (24.3) | 1.27 (0.95, 1.69) |
| Moderate | 218 (43.1) | 165 (32.6) | 1.67 (1.25, 2.23) | 123 (24.3) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.42) |
| Severe | 68 (31.2) | 72 (33.0) | 1.93 (1.25, 2.99) | 78 (35.8) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) |
∗OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, gender, level of education, occupation, and marital status.