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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019 Apr 24;18(6):474–483. doi: 10.1177/1474515119845972

Table 4.

Paramedic-performed LUS.

First author Year Country Patients n Patient population Paramedics n LUS aim # zones Positive zone Positive overall Didactic training; hands-on training Reference standard Image adequacy and
Diagnostic accuracy
Becker 201829 United States 25 Ambulance, undifferentiated respiratory distressa 17 B-lines Four (continuous clips of anterior and lateral chest) Predominance
of B-lines based on predefined protocol28 		0.5 hours plus extra material and refresher-training offered; 1.5 hours Expert image review Image adequacy: 41.2% Agreement with expert diagnosis: 62.5%
a

Complaints of shortness of breath, or objective signs of respiratory distress, or non-invasively measured SpO2 < 92%. LUS: lung ultrasound; SpO2: oxygen saturation.