Table 2. Baseline outcomes for all participants by intervention and control group.

Variable (range) ^	Intervention Baseline (N = 76)		Control Baseline (N = 79)
	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)		P-value
Average pain (0–10)	7 (1.9)		7 (1.9)		0.97
BPI Interference (0–10)	7 (2.2)		6 (2.3)		0.47
BPI Severity (0–10)	7 (1.9)		7 (1.8)		0.95
PHQ (0–27)	13 (5.6)		11 (5.3)		0.11
Pain Self-Efficacy (0–60)	30 (15.4)		32 (13.5)		0.47
Patient Activation Measure (0–100)	60 (15.6)		56 (11.8)		0.05*
SF-12 Physical Composite Score (0–100)	33 (10.3)		35 (10.6)		0.12
SF-12 Mental Composite Score (0–100)	35 (9.5)		36 (10.3)		0.62
Current Opioid Misuse Measure (0–64)	11 (5.9)		9 (5.8)		0.05*
	N	%	N	%	P-value
Pain medication past 7 days	67	88	65	82	0.30
Emergency Department Use	15	21	11	14	0.28

*Significant differences between the intervention and control group for PAM (p = 0.0513), COMM (p = 0.0495) at a significant level of 0.1, so they were adjusted for in all subsequent models.

^Continuous variables are summarized with mean (standard deviation)