(a) Transcellular electrical resistance comparison between pericytes (PCs), astrocytes (ACs) and endothelial cells (ECs) at passage 1 (n = 4). (b) Transendothelial electrical resistance measured from P0 to P3. The second x-axis in (b) is used to compare ECs (P0) to the other passages at similar resistance values (n = 4). (c, d) Transcellular electrical resistances of confluent monolayers of ECs at (c) passage 0 (P0) or (d) passage 1 (P1) either inflamed with 100 U/ml of TNF-α and IFN-γ (INF) or non-treated (NT) (P0: n = 5, P1: n = 4). The vertical dotted lines denote the addition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. (e) Transcellular electrical resistance comparison of P0 and P1 ECs treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ (normalized at the treatment time point). Two-way ANOVA; * P-value ≤ 0.05, ** P-value ≤ 0.01, *** P-value ≤ 0.001. Each point represents the mean resistance measured every 6 hours (a, b) or 2 hours (c, d, e) ± standard deviations.