Table 3.

Meta-regression analyses: factors affecting ALFF in studies of patients with schizophrenia

Factor	Anatomic label	Peak MNI coordinates, x, y, z	Voxels, n	SDM Z value	p value
All patients with schizophrenia
Effects of illness duration	ALFF alterations in studies with higher illness duration
	None
Effects of PANSS total score	ALFF alterations in studies with higher PANSS total score
	Right putamen	32, −2, 4	235	3.516	< 0.001
	Right SOG, BA 19	16, −86, 36	55	3.055	< 0.001
	Right IFG, BA 45	48, 40, −4	471	−3.924	< 0.001
	Right ACC, BA 32	8, 42, 26	90	−3.283	< 0.001
	Right IFG, BA 48	52, 16, 20	31	−2.861	< 0.001
	Left ITG, BA20	−50, −24, −24	29	−2.804	< 0.001
Patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Effects of illness duration	ALFF alterations in studies with higher illness duration
	None
Effects of PANSS total score	ALFF alterations in studies with higher PANSS total score
	None
Patients with chronic schizophrenia
Effects of illness duration	ALFF alterations in studies with higher illness duration
	None
Effects of PANSS total score	ALFF alterations in studies with higher PANSS total score
	Right IFG, BA 45	46, 38, −2	289	−3.582	< 0.001
	Right ACC, BA 32	8, 42, 26	119	−3.633	< 0.001
	Left ITG, BA 20	−50, −24, −24	54	−3.121	< 0.001

ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; ALFF = amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations; BA = Brodmann area; IFG = inferior frontal gyrus; ITG = inferior temporal gyrus; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SDM = seed-based d mapping; SOG = superior occipital gyrus.