Table 1.

Proximate composition of Calliphora vomitoria, Hermetia illucens pre-pupae, Acheta domesticus, and Ruspolia nitidula

Insect	Gross energy1 (kJ/100 g)	Dry matter	Proximate components (g/100 g)*
			Crude protein	Crude fat	Crude fiber	Carbohydrates	Total ash
Calliphora vomitoria	2,028.11 ± 9.6c	26.44 ± 0.4c	64.90 ± 1.6a	0.67 ± 0.1d	16.61 ± 2.4a	12.23 ± 2.1a	5.59 ± 0.4b
Acheta domesticus	2,056.73 ± 8.4b	47.71 ± 0.9a	62.57 ± 0.1b	12.15 ± 0.0c	8.04 ± 0.4b	12.27 ± 0.6a	4.97 ± 0.2c
Hermetia illucens	2,551.61 ± 11.7a	36.29 ± 1.5b	44.31 ± 0.3c	31.88 ± 1.3b	5.07 ± 1.1b	3.43 ± 0.4b	8.74 ± 0.0a
Ruspolia nitidula	2,069.53 ± 6.7b	26.44 ± 0.4c	40.79 ± 0.3d	46.29 ± 0.2a	5.88 ± 0.4b	3.73 ± 0.7b	3.32 ± 0.1d
Leuven stat (P value)	0.888	0.341	0.111	0.085	0.200	0.228	0.163

Values are means ± SD. Means with different superscripts in the column are significantly different (P < 0.05). In all cases, P < 0.0001 for ANOVA, n = 3.

¹Dry matter basis.