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. 2019 Dec 12;10:1271. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01271

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Copyright © 2019 Chen, Ma, Xue, Zhang, Yang, Wang, Ma and Bai

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characteristics of the sham-operated (SO) rats and pressure overload-induced HF rats at 16 weeks after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Increased diastolic left ventricle wall thickness (A) and interventricular septal thickness (B) indicated significant left ventricular hypertrophy in TAC rats without effects on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (C). Decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (D) and fractional shortening (E) indicated significant cardiac dysfunction. Increased heart weight index (F) confirmed myocardial hypertrophy in TAC rats. n = 10 per group. *P < 0.05 HF vs. SO. SO, sham-operated; HF, heart failure; LVWTd, left ventricle wall diastolic thickness; IVSTd, interventricular septal diastolic thickness; LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; HW/BW, heart weight/body weight ratio.