Table 4.
Autophagy regulated by NPs' surface chemistry.
| Composition | Size | Surface chemistry/Zeta potential/LogP | Cell line | Autophagy level | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold | N.A. | CTAB (40 mV), polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, −60 mV) | HCT116 | CTAB>PSS | Wan et al., 2015 |
| Gold | 55 × 14 nm | CTAB, PSS, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDAC) | A549, MRC-5 | CTAB>(PSS, PDDAC) | Li et al., 2015b |
| Gold | 10 nm | Hexane | HUVECs | Enhanced autophagy level | Manshian et al., 2014 |
| ZnO | 100, 130 nm | Triethoxycaprylylsilane (hydrophobic, −16.67 mV), pristine (−19.53 mV) | A549-macrophage co-culture | Triethoxycaprylylsilane<pristine | Liu et al., 2019 |
| Graphene | 3.5–5 nm | NH2, COOH | A549 | NH2 >COOH | Xie Y. et al., 2019 |
| Graphene | N.A. | Dodecylamine, sodiumdodecyl sulfate | RAW264.7 | Dodecylamine>sodiumdodecyl sulfate | Park et al., 2015 |
| SWCNTs | N.A. | COOH, PEG | A549 | COOH>PEG | Liu et al., 2011 |
N.A., not available.